火灾下圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土短柱轴压性能分析

利用ABAQUS软件建立了火灾下圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土轴压短柱非线性有限元模型,在确定混凝土和钢材的本构基础上,对其火灾下轴压性能进行了数值计算,并与已有相关试验数据进行了对比验证。分析了环境温度、混凝土强度、钢管屈服强度、截面尺寸、含钢率等参数对火灾下轴压性能的影响规律。结果表明:火灾下各试件核心混凝土纵向应力发展规律较为相似,且应力分布趋向均匀;环境温度对试件轴压刚度的影响大于极限承载力,材料强度对极限承载力的影响较大,增大钢管含钢率可一定程度提高试件轴压刚度;提出了火灾下此类试件极限承载力和轴压刚度的简化计算公式,可为工程实际应用提供参考。     

Ensuring the service quality at a university construction technology laboratory in Brazil

Service quality in a construction technology laboratory can result in an improvement in construction companies’ competitiveness. This research aims to evaluate the service quality provided by a construction technology laboratory, specifically in the segment of performing testing through the rupturing of concrete samples. For this research, a survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire that was created based on a literature review regarding the surveying of laboratory customers at a university in the south of Brazil. Our research was both exploratory and quantitative, and the data were analyzed by applying multivariate data analysis. The conclusions of this study show that the dimensions of quality services are: communication, reliability, responsiveness, credibility, and tangibility. These five dimensions together provide a high explained variance standard of 79.75%. Having a suitable number of attendants available to serve customers and presenting agility in the construction laboratory is one of the managerial research contributions. Moreover, through information availability, this research generates greater traceability that can be used both by customers and by institutional management. Constantly and thoroughly monitoring the customer service cycle is another relevant factor that can improve the quality of the services provided.     

电解金属锰渣制备泡沫混凝土实验研究

电解金属锰渣是锰矿石采用电解法生成电解金属锰时产生的浸出渣,其理化性质证实了其资源化利用的潜力。建立了电解金属锰渣-水泥-飞灰-细砂胶凝体系,经蒸压制备成超轻泡沫混凝土。主要探讨了水泥、石灰、石膏的添加对泡沫混凝土抗压强度的影响。结果显示,当凝结体系的配方为电解金属锰渣35.6%、水泥14.1%、细砂34.3%、石灰16.0%、石膏0.05%,在1.2MPa的蒸汽压下保养6h时的抗压强度最佳。中试实验生产出来的泡沫混凝土满足国家标准DBJ 50-055—2006中B07等级,可为电解金属锰渣资源化利用提供了一种创新的技术途径。     

透水混凝土路面对径流水量削减试验

透水混凝土路面作为低影响开发技术之一,对雨洪的管理与控制具有重要作用。对透水混凝土路面对径流的控制作用进行试验,结果表明:基于设计路面和北京降雨参数,降雨历时分别为30,60,120 min时,透水混凝土路面对径流总量的削减率分别达到60%、55%和40%以上,对洪峰流量的削减率分别达到65%、63%和40%以上;降雨重现期从1年增到100年,产流延迟时间从13 min降至5 min。试验表明,透水混凝土路面的雨量径流系数在0.18~0.54,远小于普通混凝土路面的雨量径流系数0.91。结果表明,透水混凝土路面对延迟产流时间、削减径流水量、削减洪峰流量以及降低径流系数具有很好的作用,可以为该低影响开发技术在国内的应用设计提供参考。     

基于模糊可拓层次分析法的在役混凝土桥梁耐久性评估

对在役混凝土桥梁的耐久性研究是目前学术界的热点问题。使用科学的方法对其耐久性进行合理的评估,是解决该问题的关键。考虑到在役混凝土桥梁耐久性评估中的不确定性,利用改进的三标度层次分析法及模糊可拓理论,建立了基于模糊可拓层次分析法的在役混凝土桥梁耐久性评估模型。首先,根据桥梁的结构及所处环境的特点,建立了在役混凝土桥梁耐久性评估指标体系。其次,运用改进的三标度层次分析法确定指标权重。然后,使用模糊可拓理论确定耐久性等级。最后,通过具体的实例分析,证明了该评估方法的科学性和有效性。     

尾矿砂绿色混凝土梁受剪性能试验研究

利用不同尾矿砂取代率的混凝土梁斜截面受剪性能进行试验研究,结果表明:尾矿砂绿色混凝土梁与普通混凝土梁的受力破坏形态相似,在相同荷载下,尾矿砂绿色混凝土梁的箍筋应变大于普通混凝土梁,跨中挠度随着剪跨比的增大而增大;从开裂荷载来看,40%替代率的尾矿砂绿色混凝土梁抗裂性能最好,极限承载能力最高。并根据试验结果建立了较为合理的尾矿砂绿色混凝土梁斜截面受剪承载力计算公式。     

白炭黑补强氟硅橡胶热空气老化机理研究

目的研究热空气老化过程中白炭黑补强氟硅橡胶的老化机理。方法开展不同加速老化温度点下白炭黑补强氟硅橡胶热空气老化试验,对老化过程中材料的力学性能进行研究,同时采用热重分析、衰减全反射红外光谱、交联密度分析以及固体核磁等技术,对200℃热空气老化过程中材料的微观结构变化进行分析。结果低温环境中白炭黑氟硅橡胶拉伸强度和扯断伸长率变化较小,高温环境中变化趋势增大,邵尔A硬度在整个老化过程中没有明显变化。结论白炭黑补强氟硅橡胶的老化机理主要是交联键的断裂和侧链三氟丙基的分解,同时还可能伴随有部分主链的破坏。     

消防射水对火灾后高性能混凝土剩余抗压强度的影响

对火灾后消防射水对高性能混凝土(HPC)剩余抗压强度的影响进行了研究。分析了在不同温度、不同冷却方式条件下,C40HPC剩余抗压强度的变化规律,并利用ORIGIN 7.5软件,拟合了高温作用后HPC剩余抗压强度与温度之间的关系。研究表明:消防射水对高温作用后的HPC的剩余抗压强度的影响很大,射水冷却后的HPC剩余抗压强度明显低于自然冷却后的剩余抗压强度;随着破坏温度的升高,经消防射水冷却的HPC剩余抗压强度呈衰减状态。最后,建立了自然冷却及消防射水冷却条件下,C40HPC剩余强度与火场温度之间的二元回归曲线公式。     

Development and analysis of high-performance green concrete in the urban infrastructure

Cement production accounts for approximately 5% of total global CO₂ emissions from all human activities. In addition, the consumption of virgin aggregates for concrete infrastructure has created virgin material scarcity issues in many areas of the USA. High-performance green concrete (HPGC) with fly ash and recycled aggregates can help reduce the demand for material inputs and reduce pollution outputs associated with bulk material flow of urban concrete. Structural and durability tests showed that HPGC containing fly ash and 50% recycled aggregate (100% of the coarse aggregate fraction) performed equally or better than 100% ordinary Portland cement concrete with the same cementitious content. Durability improvements were more significant with Class F than Class C fly ash. For both Class F and Class C fly ash, greater per cent replacement of Portland cement with fly ash led to slower and lower strength gain, but still within acceptable strength criteria for Colorado Department of Transportation Class B concrete. This paper quantifies the sustainability of HPGC in urban infrastructure by addressing structural performance, environmental, economic and resource depletion impacts.     

饱和混凝土单轴拉伸动态统计损伤本构模型

饱和混凝土中孔隙自由水的存在对材料的力学性能有显著的影响,动态工况中主要表现为自由水的粘性效应,且该效应随细观损伤引起的微裂纹密度的改变而变化。本文结合太沙基"有效应力原理",建立了饱和混凝土考虑动态应变率效应的单轴拉伸统计损伤模型,将材料宏观力学性能同细观损伤机理有机地结合起来,综合考虑了动态条件下惯性效应和自由水粘性效应的影响,认为材料自身的惯性效应引起材料破坏形态以及细观损伤演化过程的改变;水的粘性效应则调整了混凝土基体的受力状态。通过算例和试验结果比较,表明该模型可预测等应变率加载情况下饱和混凝土材料均匀损伤阶段的动态拉伸本构行为,形象地描述了饱和混凝土材料动态损伤演化机制。