用灰色系统论综合评价大气环境质量

在环境质量分析中,运用灰色系统论对各种污染因子数据序列及灰色关联度的大小分析,判别影响大气环境质量的主要污染因子。     

Thermochemical stability: A comparison between experimental and predicted data

The first step to be performed during the development of a new industrial process should be the assessment of all hazards associated to the involved compounds. Particularly, the knowledge of all substances thermochemical parameters is a primary feature for such a hazard evaluation. CHETAH (CHEmical Thermodynamic And Hazard evaluation) is a prediction software suitable for calculating potential hazards of chemicals, mixtures or a single reaction that, using only the structure of the involved molecules and Benson's group contribution method, is able to calculate heats of formation, entropies, Gibbs free energies and reaction enthalpies. Because of its ability to predict the potential hazards of a material or mixture, CHETAH is part of the so-called “desktop methods” for early stage chemical safety analysis.In this work, CHETAH software has been used to compile a complete risk database reporting heats of decomposition and Energy Release Potential (ERP) for 342 common use chemicals. These compounds have been gathered into classes depending on their functional groups and similarities in their thermal behavior. Calculated decomposition enthalpies for each of the compounds have also been compared with experimental data obtained with either thermoanalytic or calorimetric techniques (Differential Scanning Calorimeter – DSC – and Accelerating Rate Calorimeter – ARC).     

基于AutoCAD煤矿工程立体图软件的研发与应用

以煤矿工程平面图涵盖信息为原始资料,基于AutoCAD平台二次开发了绘制煤矿工程立体图专用软件,该软件模拟城市地下管网模型快速生成煤矿巷道立体图,利用图结构进行数据组织,建立了包含巷道、工作面参数、通风路线等详细信息的属性式数据库。同时,该软件可与已有数据库资源共享和矿图数据库兼容,实现了二维平面矿图向三维立体矿图的转换。三维立体矿图强大的数据平台可以实现井下人员实时定位、煤层瓦斯实时监测和矿井通风网络系统的全方位展示,配合网络集成可实现远程办公的智能管理和决策。     

Work‐related stress in a humanitarian context: a qualitative investigation

There is a paucity of research on the subjective stress‐related experiences of humanitarian aid workers. Most evaluations of stress among these individuals focus on trauma and related conditions or adopt a quantitative approach. This interview‐based study explored how 58 humanitarian aid workers employed by a United Nations‐aligned organisation perceived the transactional stress process. The thematic analysis revealed eight main topics of interest: an emergency culture was found where most employees felt compelled to offer an immediate response to humanitarian needs; employees identified strongly with humanitarian goals and reported a high level of engagement; the rewards of humanitarian work were perceived as motivating and meaningful; constant change and urgent demands resulted in work overload; and managing work–life boundaries and receiving positive support from colleagues and managers helped to buffer perceived stress, work overload, and negative health outcomes. The practical implications of the results are discussed and suggestions made in the light of current research and stress theory.     

快速城市化区域不同用地类型土壤重金属含量分布特征及生态风险

以上海市闵行区典型快速城市化区域为例,基于36个地块595个点位土壤样品数据,分析5种不同土地利用类型中8项土壤重金属的含量分布特征,通过内梅罗综合指数法和潜在生态风险指数法进行生态风险评价.结果表明,重金属锌和镉含量的变异系数较高,受人为活动影响特征明显.涉重工业用地、非涉重工业用地的重金属赋存相对较高,住宅用地和耕地重金属含量总体不高但具有其特异性组成特征,公共管理与公共服务用地相对最低.重金属锌和镉的内梅罗综合污染指数较高,分别处于重度和中度污染水平,其余重金属均为警戒或轻度污染水平.不同土地利用类型的土壤重金属潜在生态风险水平为：涉重工业用地 > 非涉重工业用地≈住宅用地 > 耕地≈公共管理与公共服务用地,工业用地由于行业类别多、历史生产复杂和管理水平差异大等原因,具有较大的土壤重金属污染风险,住宅用地和耕地等其他用地类型也呈现出一定的重金属累积趋势.不同土地利用的土壤重金属污染源头防控和地块再开发利用的安全性及风险管控,是快速城市化区域土壤污染防治的重点和难点.     

专业化、多样化与产业结构减贫效应的动态异质表现研究

新一轮扶贫攻坚阶段,贫困地区实现可持续减贫的关键不在于现有经济增长模式下如何提高转移支付的精度和效率,而在于真正改变贫困地区的经济发展理念,从盯住经济总量增长转向用减贫目标统领经济发展。产业结构与贫困减缓的关系影响着贫困地区产业发展的政策制定,但既往研究对何种产业结构更有助于贫困减缓没有形成共识。本文基于产业专业化和多样化视角,分析了专业化、多样化影响贫困减缓的理论机制,并利用2004—2014年中国省级面板数据,对专业化、相关多样化、不相关多样化与FGT贫困指数的关系进行了门限回归和稳健性检验。检验结果确认了产业结构减贫效应的动态异质表现:专业化的减贫效应在产品生命周期的初始和发展阶段趋于增强,并且经济密度更小、距离技术前沿更远的地区,专业化的减贫效果更显著;多样化的减贫绩效低于专业化,且相关多样化的减贫效应高于不相关多样化。细分产业来看,第三产业相关多样化比其他多样化结构更具减贫效果。贫困地区在减贫的产业结构选择上,首要目标是改善专业化程度,其次是在多样化的既定前提下,谋求相关多样化,尤其是第三产业的相关多样化。专业化和相关多样化对不同贫困群体的影响也存在差别,既往产业结构更有利于贫困线附近群体的贫困减缓,而对深度贫困群体的溢出不足。因此,在塑造合宜减贫产业结构,改善低技能劳动力需求的同时,还应辅以改善深度贫困人口劳动力供给的政策,改善其自我发展能力和经济机会,从而增强从益贫产业结构中获益的能力。     

地质灾害防治监测信息工程数据运筹技术

论述了监测信息工程在地质灾害防治中的作用和地位,重点就监测信息工程建设中若干高新数据库技术的应用问题进行了探讨。根据国际上新出现的数据仓库与数据集市的概念,提出了数据运筹技术的监测信息工程,在地质灾害预测与防治、环境保护与监测、地质工程安全监控等领域中有着广泛的应用前景。     

天津市医疗垃圾管理信息系统设计研究

从用户需求分析、数据库结构设计、系统功能设计和用户界面设计四个方面 ,比较详细的介绍了天津市医疗垃圾管理信息系统 (MWMIS)的设计思想与设计方法及其主要功能特点。     

湖北省重大自然灾害数据库的设计与应用

自然灾害,尤其是重大自然灾害是影响生产布局、制约区域经济发展的重要因素,在重大灾害中,气象灾害和地震灾害是对人类威胁最大的灾种。湖北省地处长江中游,是我国重大自然灾害的多发区与重灾区,其减灾、防灾的研究具特别重要的意义。通过对湖北省历代有关气象灾害和地震灾害历史文献的收集、整理、分等分级,并且在计算机软硬件平台的支持下生成数据库,将零散、杂乱的各处有关灾害的史料变成一个有序的信息源,为有关抗灾、防     

Bioconcentration kinetics of PCBs in various parts of the lifecycle of the tadpoles Xenopus laevis

Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in Xenopus laevis have been reported only for a few congeners. Additionally, there is very little information on the ability of Xenopus laevis to bioconcentrate PCBs. To address these issues, the tadpole Xenopus laevis was exposed to Aroclor 1254 mixtures in water at room temperature for 110 d followed by an additional 110 d of nonspiked PCBs in the water for the control group. During the whole process, bioconcentration factors （BCFs） of PCBs ranged from 1180 to 15670. For most PCB congeners, the highest and lowest bioconcentrations of the kinetic curves were found to be remarkably simultaneous, respectively. All 141 PCB congeners under the same experimental conditions had no linear correlation on the lgBCF versus lgKow relationship. The relationship between lgBCFs and lgKow followed a parabolic pattern indicative of selective bioconcentration, suggesting that the kinetic curves of the PCB congeners observed in the lifecycle of the tadpoles may be concentrated due to the amphibian special species and internal metabolism. In contrast, lgBCFs for PCBs were inversely related to lgKow, suggesting that a metabolism of the higher Kow PCB congeners occurred. These results support the author＇s conclusion that the tadpole Xenopus laevis plays major roles in the bioconcentration of PCB congeners, and demonstrated that the exposure kinetic curves of PCB congeners are complex. Besides the amphibian metamorphous development, the lifecycle of the tadpole Xenopus laevis also may be of importance in determining the bioconcentration of PCB congeners.