Does time of day matter at highway work zone crashes?

Introduction: It is widely agreed that highway work zones pose significant threats to road users because driving conditions in work zones are quite different from the normal ones, particularly when traffic volumes approach a highway capacity. Therefore, work zone safety is a critical aspect for state agencies and traffic engineers. Method: In the current study, a total of 10,218 crashes that occurred in highway work zones in the state of Washington for the period between 2007 and 2013 were used. Time of day is disaggregated into four subgroups: (1) Morning from 6:00 to 11:00 a.m. (2) Midday from 12:00 to 5:00 p.m. (3) Night from 6:00 to 11:00 p.m., and (4) Late night from 12:00 to 5:00 a.m. Then, four mixed logit models were estimated to account and correct for heterogeneity in the crash data by considering three injury severity levels: severe injury, minor injury, and no injury. Results: The estimation results reveal that most contributing factors are uniquely significant in a specific time of day period, whereas three factors affect injury severity regardless of time of day such as the indicators of not deployed airbag, one passenger vehicle involved in the crash, and rear-end collision. Further, some factors were found to affect injury severity into two or three time periods, such as female drivers that found to decrease the probability of no injury in morning and night time periods, while increasing severe injury outcome in midday time. Conclusions: The effect of time of day on injury severity of work-zone related crashes should be modeled separately rather than using a holistic model. Practical applications: As a starting point, findings of the current study can be used by transportation officials to reduce fatalities and injuries of work zone crashes by identifying factors that uniquely contribute to each time of day period.     

高校建立专项档案数据库的必要性

高校档案具有类型多、范围广、数量大等特点。随着教育事业的发展,高校的管理方式、培养模式发生了改变,高校的档案产生途径和利用范围也随之发生了变化。因此,必须实现档案信息数字化管理,建立专项数据库。建库要有专业人员,依据国标或行业标准,要注重实效性和安全性。专项数据库建设和信息资源建设是数字化档案馆建设的基础和必由之路。     

地质灾害防治监测信息工程数据运筹技术

论述了监测信息工程在地质灾害防治中的作用和地位,重点就监测信息工程建设中若干高新数据库技术的应用问题进行了探讨。根据国际上新出现的数据仓库与数据集市的概念,提出了数据运筹技术的监测信息工程,在地质灾害预测与防治、环境保护与监测、地质工程安全监控等领域中有着广泛的应用前景。     

浅谈验收反馈意见对环境影响评价的指导意义

通过对环境影响评价工作中出现的问题进行分析,发现建设项目竣工验收信息反馈对环境影响评价工作的指导意义重大,主要体现在对工程分析章节的修正,对污染治理措施章节的指导两个方面.分析指出通过建立项目竣工验收与环评的一对一反馈系统、污染源信息数据库和环保设施信息平台,实现项目竣工验收对环境影响评价的指导作用,以上系统一旦建立成功,将有助于提高评价中给出的预防或减轻环境影响的对策和措施的可操作性.     

First flush of storm runoff pollution from an urban catchment in China

Storm runoff pollution process was investigated in an urban catchment with an area of 1.3 km^2 in Wuhan City of China. The results indicate that the pollutant concentration peaks preceded the flow peaks in all of 8 monitored storm events. The intervals between pollution peak and flow peak were shorter in the rain events with higher intensity in the initial period than those with lower intensity. The fractions of pollution load transported by the first 30% of runoff volume （FF30） were 52.2%-72.1% for total suspended solids （TSS）, 53.0%-65.3% for chemical oxygen demand （COD）, 40.4%-50.6% for total nitrogen （TN）, and 45.8%-63.2% for total phosphorus （TP）, respectively. Runoff pollution was positively related to non-raining days before the rainfall. Intercepting the first 30% of runoff volume can remove 62.4% of TSS load, 59.4% of COD load, 46.8% of TN load, and 54.1% of TP load, respectively, according to all the storm events. It is suggested that controlling the first flush is a critical measure in reduction of urban stormwater pollution.     

Effect of organic matter and pH on mercury release from soils

An investigation was conducted on the effect of organic matter(OM)and pH on mercury(Hg)release from soils.Hg release flux was measured using the dynamic flux chamber(DFC)combined with the Lumex multifunctional mercury analyzer in both laboratory experiment and field monitoring.The results showed that Hg emission from the OM-added soils was apparently low because of the high affinity of OM to Hg,resulting in the reverse order as the amount of OM addition.Meanwhile,Hg release flux from different pH value soils exhibited the same trend for both Hg~(2 )and Hg_2~(2 )treatment,increasing the Hg flux with pH value of soils increasing.The trend of Hg release in the pH dependence experiment has been well in agreement with that from the field test.In addition,Hg release seemed to be related to its species in the soil,the flux from Hg~(2 )-added soil was obviously higher than that of Hg_2~(2 )-added soil by the laboratory experiment.     

利用GIS技术进行海洋环境质量评价的研究

以我国专属经济区生物资源调查为基础,探讨了海洋环境质量评价的GIS方法,建立了应用GIS技术进行海洋生物资源栖息环境质量评价的基本思路和技术流程,提出了相关的评价属性数据库建立的要点,有关指标体系的选取及评价模式作了重点分析,对空间分析算法进行了分析比较。结果表明GIS与评价模型的结合可以快捷、准确地评价海洋生物资源栖息环境质量。     

有色金属大气腐蚀网络数据库及共享系统开发

利用现有环境试验网站材料腐蚀数据和环境腐蚀数据并加以整理,在Unix操作系统环境下,采用Oracle数据库管理系统,设计和创建了材料大气腐蚀网络数据库中的有色金属材料子库.并在此有色金属材料大气腐蚀数据库的基础上,运用Java语言以及Spring、Hibernate等Java开源项目,编程设计、开发创建了B/S结构的数据库的共享系统.共享系统包括网络数据库管理系统和查询系统两大部分,易于扩展,操作方便,功能强大,可实现材料环境腐蚀数据的共享.     

基于GIS的北京市机动车污染数据库的开发和应用

利用 GIS技术建立机动车污染数据库 ,能动态、直观地反映机动车污染的时空分布规律 ,为机动车污染控制研究提供强有力的工具 .本研究以 ArcView为主要的 GIS开发工具 ,通过属性数据和空间数据的链接 ,实现了北京市机动车污染数据库的地图化表现、动态查询、基本空间分析等功能 ,从而为机动车污染数据库提供了技术支持 .利用该系统 ,可以对北京市机动车污染物的排放、浓度和分担率的空间分布规律进行 GIS实例分析 .     

典型机场地面腐蚀环境数据库研究

介绍了我国典型机场环境区的分类,在收集我国飞机腐蚀环境数据的基础上,针对影响飞机腐蚀的主要环境因素,阐述了机场腐蚀环境数据库的建模、参数选取与主要功能设计方法,以Windows 2000 Server为平台．应用Oracle9i和Visual Basic6．0等软件工具创建了典型机场地面腐蚀环境数据库。