可移动充气式应急救护装置的研究

可移动充气式应急救护装置是一种重点针对地铁火灾的新型消防抢险救援装备,主要由风机、风管、救护站及其他辅助设备组成,其工作原理是采用机械通风的方式在救护站内建立正压,阻止外界烟气进入,从而在充满烟气的事故现场建立一个没有烟气的临时安全场所。可用于救助受困人员,方便消防员更换装备和休息调整,以及便于消防部队建立前沿临时指挥点等,为消防部队处置地铁火灾提供了解决问题的新思路和新方法,对提高消防部队在地铁火灾中的抢险救援能力有着重要的作用。除此之外,还可用于其它类型的地下建筑、大空间建筑(如商场)等场所的消防抢险救援。     

混凝土结构施工中人因差错的模拟

以施工现场人因差错真实准确的调查实测数据为依据,笔者采用人的可靠性分析方法建立了混凝土结构施工中人因差错发生及其对混凝土强度影响规律的数学模型,并编制了相应的模拟计算程序。将该模拟计算程序所得的考虑人因差错的混凝土强度模拟计算结果与实测的混凝土强度调查结果进行比较,二者具有很好的一致性,说明该数学模型和模拟计算程序是比较符合实际的,也是比较合理的。上述模拟计算结果为考虑人因差错的结构安全性分析以及人因差错的有效控制措施研究提供了参考依据。     

发电设备可靠性研究现状与发展

通过对国内外发电设备可靠性研究的分析,提出了我国发电设备可靠性研究大体经历了可靠性指标统计分析、传统可靠性模型分析以及电力市场下可靠性分析3个阶段。在比较各阶段研究特点的基础上,指出了建立发电设备可靠性成本与可靠性效益之间的平衡,设定反映二者关系的新的可靠性指标是电力市场下发电设备可靠性研究的新特点。笔者认为,所提出了数据挖掘技术,是发电设备可靠性管理实现实时化、智能化与预测化的一种有效方法。     

提高机电系统可靠性的软件容错技术初探

机电系统的可靠性是衡量其使用性能的重要指标之一,机电系统软件的高可靠性是实现机电设备自动化控制的关键.本文对机电系统的出错形式和容错过程进行了分析,对常用的软件容错技术进行了初步探讨.     

基于人因的汽车仪表设计及工效学评价

从仪表设计及工效学问题的典型事故案例分析入手,提出人因化设计的基本理念,给出人机工程学的汽车仪表系统的基本要求及仪表显示装置人因化设计的基本原则、结构体系框图,提出了实现人因化设计的基本思路;探讨了在汽车仪表系统造型设计中如何体现中国元素与特色的途径;构建了汽车仪表设计中工效学评价体系模型。     

可靠性分配理论在系统安全目标实现中的应用

在系统安全理论中,确定各基本事件的可靠度以实现所给定的系统安全目标值问题一直没有得到很好解决。笔者将可靠性分配理论与故障树分析方法相结合,提出了2个层次可靠度分配法:最小割集之间采取可靠度再分配法,对构成最小割集的各个基本事件之间采取等分配法。从而建立系统中各单元可靠度再分配量化模型。为便于应用,通过实例,详述系统各单元可靠性分配的计算过程。研究表明,运用该模型可准确、简便地计算出各单元的可靠度,使系统在给定的目标值条件下达到系统的安全性优化。     

A conceptual model for response to Arctic oil spills

The potential for oil spills in Arctic regions has increased significantly because of the development of petroleum resources. Response to an oil spill in the Arctic is likely to be much slower than that in the temperate region because of the remoteness of the area and its severe climate. In the face of these unique problems, accurate prediction of the extent and subsequent movement of an oil spill is vital to any cleanup effort. Presented is the framework of a program to study the movement of oil spills in the Arctic. Existing models of oil spreading and polar ice dynamics are reviewed and areas where new model development is required are defined. A system design is developed that may be used for developing a plan to act in the event of a major spill.     

ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES FOR FLOOD CONTROL CHANNELS1

ABSTRACT: The environmental effects of flood control channel modifications such as clearing and snagging, straightening, enlargement, and/or paving can be quite severe in some cases. Information review reveals that several environmental features have been incorporated into the design, construction, operation, or maintenance of recent flood control channel projects to avoid adverse environmental impacts and enhance environmental quality. Typically, these features have been proposed by conservation agencies and designed with minimal quantitative analysis. Environmental features for channel projects include selective clearing and snagging techniques, channel designs with nonuniform geometry such as single bank modification and floodways, restoration and enhancement of aquatic habitat, improved techniques for placement of excavated material, and revegetation.     

峒室大爆破的安全问题

全面总结了峒室大爆破设计和施工方面的安全，并给出其实施方案     

Urban planning at the turn of the 21st century

Contemporary urban planning is characterised by the following: (a) a large amount of specific research gives a large quantity of facts, but like stones of the mosaic do hot make an entire picture; (b) in the basis of these researches no one finds entire creative conceptions; (c) the theories lose touch with practical design matter; (d) in contradiction to the classical architectural epoch, urban planning loses touch with the construction of buildings; (e) the practice of urban planning and the construction of buildings lose touch with historical traditions. The corollary of these academic and unnatural specialisations is a break not only from “the tie of times” but also from the ties inside the profession. This situation has an effect on the practice of urban planning and architecture; society returns to destructive criticism. It is impossible to get away from this fact. The author makes an attempt to change this situation for the better — at least in some measures. On the basis of many years study of the results of research this paper presents a concept of contemporary urban planning. This concept is not in the form of hard recommendations, but expedient methods for the solution of problems. It is proved by the author's projects.