Determination of optimum operating conditions for industrial dye wastewater treatment using adaptive heuristic criticism pH control

For a pilot-scale application, pH control in the treatment of highly contaminated dye industrial wastewater containing metallic compounds as the main pollutants has been investigated with a method using adaptive heuristic criticism control (AHCC). Subsequent experimentation on between 12 and 18 l of the wastewater was carried out using statistical experimental design methodology to evaluate the effects of three critical factors: slaked lime (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)(2)) concentration, iron chloride (FeCl(3)) concentration and wastewater volume. With these critical factors, the wastewater treatment process is modeled as an appropriate quadratic cost function of the turbidity of the clarified water. The model is optimized with Rosenbrock's method. Response surface topology of the wastewater treatment is given in terms of optimal concentrations of lime water and FeCl(3) and optimal wastewater volume at pH 11.     

气候变化视角下的我国沿海地区防潮设计标准研究 ——以福州滨海新城为例

分析了福州滨海新城所面临的洪潮灾害风险和海堤建设规划情况.从全球气候变化导致福建沿海海平面上升的影响出发,介绍了国外沿海城市在考虑气候变化背景下如何确定海堤设计标准和我国防潮堤设计标准确定方法,分析了我国防潮堤现行设计标准存在的问题和风险,并对未来福州滨海新城防潮堤设计标准改进提出了建议,可供我国沿海地区相关问题参考.     

集散控制系统(DCS)在生产应用中的可靠性评估与建议

介绍了集散控制系统(DCS)可靠性评估,并结合长岭分公司应用的实际,提出了目前DCS在应用于生产控制过程中存在的问题及解决办法.     

Biodegradability,hydrolytic degradability,and builder performance in detergent formulations of partially dicarboxylated alginic acid

Partially dicarboxylated alginic acids with degree of dicarboxylations from 13 to 61 mol% were prepared and their biodegradability, hydrolytic degradability, and builder performances in detergent formulations were measured. Also, the correlations between biodegradability and hydrolytic degradability were examined with respect to the degree of dicarboxylation. The biodegradability of dicarboxylated alginic acid sodium salt (DCAa), evaluated by biochemical oxygen demand with activated sludge, depended on the degree of dicarboxylation. DCAa containing more than 75 mol% remaining uronide residues in the polymer chain showed excellent biodegradation. Hydrolytic degradation of DCAa depended on the degree of dicarboxylation and the pH of the incubation media. After 30-day incubation at 30°C at pH 4–6, a significant molecular weight reduction by hydrolytic degradation was observed for highly dicarboxylated alginic acid. DCAa with a high degree of dicarboxylation showed excellent builder performance in detergent formulations based on the detergency and calcium sequestration capacity.     

基于安全人机工程学的楼梯设计

结合安全人机工程学、房屋建筑学等相关知识,在考虑人的生理和心理特征、人—楼梯—环境的综合宜人性的基础上,对建筑的楼梯设计中楼梯类型、踏步宽度、踢面高度、楼梯宽度、踏步防滑、休息台、楼梯坡度、扶手以及楼梯颜色等进行了安全人机工程分析,并提出了楼梯设计的具体要求和建议。     

Considering agro-ecosystems as ecological funds for collective design: New perspectives for environmental policy

Enhancing agro-ecosystem sustainability raises difficult challenges for environmental policy: it requires both increasing knowledge on these complex systems to design effective solutions and coordinating stakeholders with diverging interests. However, most existing environmental policies consider ecosystems’ desirable properties as given, leading ecosystem managers to favor “turnkey” solutions. How could public policy better support local collective initiatives aiming at reconciling agriculture and the environment? This paper presents an empirical case study from western France, in which a partnership between an agricultural cooperative and an ecological research center resulted in a collective design initiative. We conceptually model this initiative drawing upon recent design theories and Georgescu-Roegen’s ‘fund-flow’ model, defining ‘ecological funds’ as the starting point of a collective design process. The results highlight the importance of developing policy instruments that can better support local innovation processes through greater democratization. Adopting a design approach to sustainable agricultural landscape management could be particularly fruitful in situations where collective action is necessary but where there is no common good recognized as such, and no existing community identified.     

Reinforcing the rules or integrating behavioural responses into road planning

Road planning is based on technical rules, know-how acquired from experience and professional expertise. A more ergonomics approach to road planning and safety analyses the psychological procedures used by the drivers. Every intervention on road network has an influence on safety. Increasing the coherency of all the interventions in the same area is the only possible way of producing areas with a better level of security. This paper deals with safety procedures, diagnostics and tools which can be used at different levels of intervention.     

某矿破碎系统的电气改造设计中注重安全措施

本文介绍了在丰山铜矿选矿破碎系统电气改造设计中,注重安全,在系统功能、控制原理、设备构成、工程实施和操作维护等方面的措施和实际效果。     

Building a Regionally Connected Reserve Network in a Changing and Uncertain World

Abstract: Habitat connectivity is required at large spatial scales to facilitate movement of biota in response to climatic changes and to maintain viable populations of wide‐ranging species. Nevertheless, it may require decades to acquire habitat linkages at such scales, and areas that could provide linkages are often developed before they can be reserved. Reserve scheduling methods usually consider only current threats, but threats change over time as development spreads and reaches presently secure areas. We investigated the importance of considering future threats when implementing projects to maintain habitat connectivity at a regional scale. To do so, we compared forward‐looking scheduling strategies with strategies that consider only current threats. The strategies were applied to a Costa Rican case study, where many reserves face imminent isolation and other reserves will probably become isolated in the more distant future. We evaluated strategies in terms of two landscape‐scale connectivity metrics, a pure connectivity metric and a metric of connected habitat diversity. Those strategies that considered only current threats were unreliable because they often failed to complete planned habitat linkage projects. The most reliable and effective strategies considered the future spread of development and its impact on the likelihood of completing planned habitat linkage projects. Our analyses highlight the critical need to consider future threats when building connected reserve networks over time.     

An application of economic choice experiments to a traditional land use—deer hunting and landscape change in the Scottish Highlands

Stalking (deer hunting) is an important land use and activity in the Scottish Highlands, and deer managers have traditionally maintained large numbers of female deer in order to supply a guaranteed number of stags for stalking. Unfortunately, grazing by large numbers of deer conflicts with environmental objectives that are seeking to improve upland habitats and increase the area of native Caledonian Pine forest. This study uses a multi-attribute choice experimental approach to quantify the various characteristics of the stalking experience to determine the value that amateur stalkers attach to the stag numbers, the landscape and other attibutes. Unlike previous applications of stated preference, a large proportion (one-third) of a full factorial design is used to present stalkers with different alternative stalking packages within a postal survey. The results indicate a way forward that could be agreeable to both deer managers and conservationists.