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531.
Stephen E. Draper Srinivas G. Rao 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1986,22(6):941-949
ABSTRACT: Percent imperviousness is an important parameter in modeling the urban rainfall-runoff process and is usually determined using manual methods such as random sampling or conventional accounting methods. In this study two computerized methods are used for estimating the percent imperviousness of urban watersheds using high altitude remote sensing imagery. These methods include the Laser Image Processing Scanner and the Video-Tape Camera system. Imperviousness is directly estimated in the former method while in the latter it is estimated as a function of the statistics of the responses on emulsions of the imagery. The percent imperviousness computed by utilizing remote sensing imagery was used with the conceptual models of rainfall-runoff models. The models were applied to four urban watersheds and the runoff prediction results indicate that imperviousness determined by using remote sensing imagery was as accurate as that obtained by the manual methods, and that the use of remote sensing imagery requires significantly less time and money. 相似文献
532.
J. V. Brahana E. F. Hollyday 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(3):577-580
ABSTRACT: The method of identifying dry stream reaches in carbonate terrane as surface indicators of potential ground-water reservoirs offers a valuable exploration technique that is more rapid and less expensive than traditional exploration methods involving random test drilling. In areas where dry stream reaches occur, subsurface drainage successfully competes with surface drainage, and sheet-like dissolution openings have developed parallel to bedding creating the ground-water reservoir. The occurrence and hydraulic characteristics of such reservoirs are highly variable, as attested to by the wide range of well yields. Union Hollow in south-central Tennessee is the setting for a case study that illustrates the application of the dry stream reach technique. In this technique, dry stream reach identification is based on two types of readily acquired information: (1) remotely sensed black and white infrared aerial photography; and (2) surface reconnaissance of stream channel characteristics. Test drilling in Union Hollow subsequent to identification of the dry reach proved that a localized ground-water reservoir was present. 相似文献
533.
本文报道了沱江上游青白江区水环境管理的现状,分析了水环境管理中存在的问题,提出了防治对策。 相似文献
534.
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536.
城市防洪工程风险决策方法 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
本文着重讨论了与城市防洪工程决策制定密切相关的几个问题:①城市防洪工程设计标准的确定;②现有防洪工程的性能评估,③最优防洪工程对策的确定等,并在风险分析的基础上,给出了解决上述问题的方法。所得结论可为城市防洪工程决策的制定提供较为科学的理论依据。 相似文献
537.
本文以定量分析为主要手段,详细研究了吉林省农业病虫害发生的时间过程规律和空间分布规律,深入探讨了环境因子对农业病虫害的影响,综合评价了病虫害防治工作的效果。 相似文献
538.
Agriculture and stream water quality: A biological evaluation of erosion control practices 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
David R. Lenat 《Environmental management》1984,8(4):333-343
Agricultural runoff affects many streams in North Carolina. However, there is is little information about either its effect on stream biota or any potential mitigation by erosion control practices. In this study, benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled in three different geographic areas of North Carolina, comparing control watersheds with well-managed and poorly managed watersheds. Agricultural streams were characterized by lower taxa richness (especially for intolerant groups) and low stability. These effects were most evident at the poorly managed sites. Sedimentation was the apparent major problem, but some changes at agricultural sites implied water quality problems. The groups most intolerant of agricultural runoff were Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera. Tolerant species were usually filter-feeders or algal grazers, suggesting a modification of the food web by addition of particulate organic matter and nutrients. This study clearly indicates that agricultural runoff can severely impact stream biota. However, this impact can be greatly mitigated by currently recommended erosion control practices. 相似文献
539.
Barry A. Pierce 《Environmental management》1983,7(2):151-160
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) were introduced into the United States in 1963 as potential biological control agents for nuisance aquatic weeds. Since that time an oftentimes bitter controversy has raged over its effects on sportfishing, and its possible natural reproduction and naturalization in North America. This review considers the history, ecology, and present status of grass carp in the United States in light of the voluminous scientific research conducted since its importation. Particular attention is given to the role of grass carp in the fisheries management plans of Arkansas. Recent development of a sterile, triploid grass carp hybrid may lead to widespread use of grass carp to control nuisance aquatic weeds in culturally eutrophicated waters of the United States. 相似文献
540.
Jason W. Oberg Assefa M. Melesss 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(3):565-582
ABSTRACT: Little work is reported where spatial methods are employed to monitor evapotranspiration (ET) changes as a result of vegetation and wetland restoration. A remote sensing approach with the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) for estimating ET at The Nature Conservancy's Glacial Ridge prairie‐wetland restoration site in northwestern Minnesota is presented. The calibrated 24‐hour ET from SEBAL was estimated with an average error of prediction of ?4.3 percent. Monthly, interseasonal, and seasonal ET for the period of June to September (2000 to 2003) from three adjacent land‐uses: a hydrologic control preserved wetland; a treated or restored site; and a nontreated or impacted wetland, were used in the study. Results from comparing ET behavior to the preserve suggest restoration efforts have affected monthly and seasonal ET within the treated site. Spatial average standard deviations of the seasonal ET within the preserve, treated, and nontreated sites give 47.3, 75.7, and 109.9 mm, respectively, suggesting hydrologic stabilization within the treated site. Monthly and interseasonal comparisons show similar behavior to that of the seasonal data, where monthly correlations suggest increasing agreement within the treated site, approaching those within the preserve. 相似文献