基于中巴地球资源1号卫星的太湖表层水体水质遥感

利用CBERS 1的CCD数据和准同步地面监测数据,结合水体组分的光谱特征,建立了太湖表层水体叶绿素a和总氮的遥感信息模型.将模型用于2000 09 16太湖表层水体,所得结果较客观地反映了叶绿素a和总氮的分布趋势,表明利用CBERS 1的CCD数据进行湖泊表层水体水质指标监测具有重要的现实意义和应用前景.由于地面监测站位有限,模型在浅水草型湖泊———东太湖的适用性受到一定限制,说明同步性好、覆盖广的地面监测对于水质遥感信息模型的准确性和适用性至关重要.     

Effects of exogenous acylated homoserine lactones on biofilms in biofilters for gaseous toluene treatment

● Biofilm formation was enhanced by exogenous AHLs. ● EPS production and microbial adhesive strength of biofilm were promoted. ● Exogenous AHLs improved the performance of biofilters treating toluene. Biofilters are typical biofilm reactors, and they usually have poor biofilm formation resulting in limited reactor performance. Exogenous acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) can enhance biofilm formation in many bioreactors based on quorum sensing regulation. However, their effect on biofilm in biofilters utilized for volatile organic compound (VOC) removal is unknown and needs to be investigated. In this study, the effects of the exogenous AHLs on biofilters for gaseous toluene removal were investigated. Analysis of biofilms in biofilters showed that the addition of exogenous AHLs considerably enhanced biofilm growth; the average biofilm concentration increased by 18%. Furthermore, the average biofilm coverage proportions in biofilters with and without exogenous AHLs were 17 % and 13 %, respectively, demonstrating the positive effect of exogenous AHLs on biofilm coverage. In particular, exogenous AHLs promoted the production of extracellular polymeric substances and the microbial adhesive strength of the biofilm. In addition, the exogenous AHLs showed no significant effect on the gaseous toluene removal efficiency of the biofilter. These results show that exogenous AHLs can enhance biofilm formation and can guide the application of exogenous AHLs in VOC biofilters.     

大气污染物排放调查监测研究进展

系统总结了当前大气污染物排放调查监测的主要方法及其在全球、区域、局地等不同尺度的典型应用,分析了地面监测、模型模拟与遥感反演3种方法受排放源多样、成分复杂、时空变异显著等因素影响,在尺度效应、成分解析等方面存在的问题。从优化监测方法、改进监测模式、融合监测技术等角度,提出了构建现代化大气污染物排放调查监测网络、开展污染物在不同排放阶段的变化解析研究及在不同圈层间的迁移全过程研究等建议。     

基于RS和GIS的生态环境状况时空变化研究--以河南省为例

生态环境状况评价是资源合理利用、制定社会经济发展规划及生态环境保护对策的重要依据。现以河南省行政区为研究区域,基于遥感影像、水资源及环境统计数据,采用生态环境状况指数(EI)和空间格局分析方法,综合对比分析河南省2014—2018年生态环境状况时空变化及其冷热点空间分布。研究结果表明:(1)2014—2018年河南省EI值变化范围为60.6~63.5,生态环境状况整体呈现稳中趋好态势,除开封市和济源市外,16个省辖市的EI值均有所增加,位于西部山区丘陵地带的三门峡、洛阳和平顶山市EI值增加明显。(2)2014—2018年河南省生态环境的G*i指数的高值区域位于西部地区的三门峡市和洛阳市,且5年内没有发生变化,较为稳定。G*i指数的高、低值区域与EI值的高值和低值区表现出较高的一致性。     

An analysis on spatial variation of urban human thermal comfort in Hangzhou, China

Urban human thermal comfort (UHTC) is affected for interacting of weather condition and underlying surface framework of urban area. Urban underlying surface temperature value and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) were calculated using image interpreting and supervised classification technique by ERDAS IMAGE software using 1991 and 1999 Landsat TM images data. Reference to the relational standard of assessing human thermal comfort and other meteorology data of Hangzhou City in summer, air temperature and relative humidity variation of different land types of underlying surface were inversed. By choosing discomfort index as an indictor, the spatial distribution characteristic and the spatial variation degree of UHTC were estimated and mapped on a middle scale, that is, in six districts of Hangzhou. The main characteristics of UHTC spatial variation from 1991 to 1999 were revealed using a GIS-based calculation model. The variation mechanism were analyzed and discussed from the viewooint of citv olannino, construction and environmental orotection.     

太湖水华的遥感分析

随着太湖流域的经济迅速发展,太湖湖体的富营养化程度日趋严重,特别是在20世纪的后期,水华频繁爆发。国家环保总局常规的水质监测是基于21个点位对全湖进行评价,完成一次采样耗时近1月,其对大面积水华现象的监测具有很大的局限性。文章利用遥感技术快速、大尺度、动态监测的特点,基于多个时相的TM影像对太湖的水温、悬浮物、叶绿素等水质参数的浓度和分布进行了遥感反演,进而对太湖水华的成因、发展程度、影响因素等方面进行分析,从而对太湖水华发生的特点,太湖的水质情况有一个全面的了解。     

Spatial analysis of resources and environmental carrying capacity in Iran

Urbanization and mass movement of the population from rural areas and small cities to megacities have led to environmental, economic, and social problems in Iran. In dealing with these challenges, assessing resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is considered an effective method to leverage space and capital to achieve sustainable development. This study aimed to rank the provincial RECC in Iran. Toward this purpose, environmental indices were generated from remotely sensed and statistical census data. Then, the provinces were scored in terms of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacities, and RECC using the mean variance analysis method. Results demonstrated that in most areas, there is no relationship between economic and infrastructural capacities and development. Statistically, a correlation coefficient of −0.53 between economic and environmental carrying capacities indicated excessive use of environmental capacities. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacity was entirely heterogeneous between the provinces; there was a northeast–southwest pattern in terms of infrastructural capacity and an economic pattern from north to south. The distribution pattern of RECC is most consistent with the environmental capacity, pointing at the high weight of the indicators of the RECC model. In conclusion, this research offers a new vision for policymakers and provides a theoretical and applicable framework for implementing sustainable strategies in land-use planning. It is recommended that the RECC concept and tools can be used not only for planning but also for measuring the efficiency of spatial development programs and establishing land balances in the region.     

A remote sensing tool for near real-time monitoring of harmful algal blooms and turbidity in reservoirs

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) diminish the utility of reservoirs for drinking water supply, irrigation, recreation, and ecosystem service provision. HABs decrease water quality and are a significant health concern in surface water bodies. Near real-time monitoring of HABs in reservoirs and small water bodies is essential to understand the dynamics of turbidity and HAB formation. This study uses satellite imagery to remotely sense chlorophyll-a concentrations (chl-a), phycocyanin concentrations, and turbidity in two reservoirs, the Grand Lake O′ the Cherokees and Hudson Reservoir, OK, USA, to develop a tool for near real-time monitoring of HABs. Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 imagery from 2013 to 2017 and from 2015 to 2020 were used to train and test three different models that include multiple regression, support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR). Performance was assessed by comparing the three models to estimate chl-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity. The results showed that RFR achieved the best performance, with R² values of 0.75, 0.82, and 0.79 for chl-a, turbidity, and phycocyanin, while multiple regression had R² values of 0.29, 0.51, and 0.46 and SVR had R² values of 0.58, 0.62, and 0.61 on the testing datasets, respectively. This paper examines the potential of the developed open-source satellite remote sensing tool for monitoring reservoirs in Oklahoma to assess spatial and temporal variations in surface water quality.     

震害预测中建筑物属性信息提取方法研究

在编制城市抗震防灾规划工作中,如何得到规划区大量的建筑物的普查资料一直是一个重要的课题。就此,本文提出了一种基于RS技术通过首先旋转高分辨率遥感图像而后搜寻建筑物阴影区有效分割线段来实现大范围建筑物层数信息提取的新方法,并结合高分辨率遥感影像数据和实际建筑物层数信息对提取结果进行分析。结果表明计算模型正确,普适性较强,算法过程简单,所得结果精度满足城市震害预测基础信息的要求,有较大实用价值。     

汶川县生态保护红线人类活动本底调查评估

生态保护红线是国家和区域生态安全的底线,以阿坝州汶川县划定的生态保护红线区为研究区域,利用GIS软件对研究区域内人类活动遥感影像进行遥感解译,并对研究区生态保护红线内的人类活动进行本底实地调查,结合遥感解译和实地调查结果,对红线内人类活动强度进行了评价。结果表明:红线内人类活动面积共计142.04hm²,人类活动斑块数量共计281个;红线内的人类活动影响指数为0.019,人类活动影响强度弱;红线内人类活动影响类型主要为旅游活动和耕地、道路及居民点等。