ABR反应器的设计

类似于多个UASB反应器串联起来运行的ABR反应器具有多种其它反应器不具备的优点，在处理化工颜料黄高盐生产废水的工程中，结合将高效复合微生物技术用于厌氧水解一连续曝气生化工艺取得成功；对ABR反应器而言，正确的设计参数是工程运行成功的保证。     

Effects of the new nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on nitrate and potassium leaching in two soils

In this study, soil column was used to study the new nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on nitrate (NO3--N) and potassium (K) leaching in the sandy loam soil and clay loam soil. The results showed that DMPP with ammonium sulphate nitrate (ASN) ((NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3) or urea could reduce NO3--N leaching significantly, whereas ammonium (NH4 -N) leaching increased slightly. In case of total N (NO3--N NH4 -N), losses by leaching during the experimental period (40 d) were 37.93 mg (urea), 31.61 mg (urea DMPP), 108.10 mg (ASN), 60.70 mg (ASN DMPP) in the sandy loam soil, and 30.54 mg (urea), 21.05 mg (urea DMPP), 37.86 mg (ASN), 31. 09 mg (ASN DMPP) in the clay loam soil, respectively. DMPP-amended soil led to the maintenance of relatively high levels of NH4 -N and low levels of NO3--N in soil, and nitrification was slower. DMPP supplementation also resulted in potassium leached less, but the difference was not significant except the treatment ASN and ASN DMPP in the sandy loam soil. Above results indicate that DMPP is a good nitrification inhibitor, the efficiency of DMPP seems better in the sandy loam soil than in the clay loam soil and lasts longer.     

柠檬酸浸出废弃电池材料中镍钴锰金属的研究

随着锂离子电池使用领域和范围越来越广泛,其产销量日益增长,由此产生的废旧锂离子电池的回收处理问题也日趋严重.如何提高废旧电池中锂镍钴锰等有价金属的回收效率,以及在回收过程中减少对环境造成的二次污染,是目前环境科研者研究的热点问题.以柠檬酸为浸出酸,研究了废弃锂离子电池正极材料镍钴锰酸锂在柠檬酸溶液中浸出效果,比较不同反应时间、反应温度、柠檬酸浓度、固液比以及添加双氧水和硫代硫酸钠对镍钴锰浸出效率的影响.结果表明延长反应时间、提高反应温度和柠檬酸浓度有利于有价金属的浸出,双氧水和硫代硫酸钠的添加对镍钴锰的浸出有显著促进作用.     

农田施用水葫芦对水稻氮素吸收利用的影响

以粳稻品种运2645为供试材料,设计农田施用水葫芦(将晒干水葫芦按4 500 kg·hm-2农田施用)、不施用水葫芦处理和施N量为120 kg·hm-2(LN)、240 kg·hm-2(NN)处理,研究其对水稻不同生育时期N素含量、N素吸收、N素分配和N素利用效率的影响.结果表明:①农田施用水葫芦使水稻不同生育时期植株...     

北京城区夏季O3化学生成过程

选取2007年7月1日—8月31日中的21个晴空日,利用观测资料和光化学箱模式计算了北京城区测点的O₃生成速率G(O₃)和O₃生成效率OPE.结果表明,21个晴空日中G(O₃)日最高小时值分布在(18~82)×10^-9h^-1之间;在O₃污染和非污染日G(O₃)最高值的平均水平无显著差异,且与O_x浓度之间不存在一致的对应关系,表明O₃化学生成过程不能全面解释地面O₃浓度的累积,物理传输过程对测点O₃实测浓度有显著作用;各个化学过程对G(O₃)的贡献率对比结果显示,HO₂ 在 NO向NO₂的转化中贡献最大;OPE值分布在2.8~5.8之间,总体水平为4.1±0.1;OPE值与NO_x浓度之间为非线性关系,OPE值随NO_x浓度的增加而减少,表明消减测点附近VOCs排放能有效降低O₃浓度.     

塔体倾斜条件下船舶尾气SO2洗涤脱除强化

针对恶劣海况下船舶洗涤塔倾斜的情况,利用船舶尾气净化小试试验台,开展了洗涤塔不同倾斜角度下对镁基吸收剂脱硫效率影响的实验,研究了液气比、入口SO₂浓度、烟气量、浆液pH值、对洗涤塔内SO₂脱除效率的影响.结果表明：脱硫效率随洗涤塔倾角度的增大而降低.脱硫效率随液气比的增大而升高,较低的液气比时倾斜角度对SO₂脱除效率的影响更明显;脱硫效率随SO₂入口浓度的增大而略微降低,入口SO₂浓度较高时,SO₂脱除效率的降低随倾斜角度的增加变化较为明显;相同液气比条件下,脱硫效率随塔内烟气量的增加而升高;脱硫效率随浆液pH值的增大而升高,低pH值时SO₂脱除效率的降低随倾斜角度的增加变化较为明显.筛板-边壁环的加入可有效提高倾斜条件下洗涤塔的脱硫效率,倾斜角度为15°时,脱硫效率提高将约3%;倾斜角度为10°时,脱硫效率提高约5%;倾斜角度在5°以下时,脱硫效率可提高将近7%.     

生物过滤塔处理工业有机废气

选用生物载体作为反应器的填料,并利用沈阳北部污水处理厂的活性污泥对填料进行挂膜,由低到高通入工业有机气体进行驯化。在系统稳定后进行了生物过滤塔净化工业有机气体的实验研究。实验结果表明:入口气体浓度<25mg/m3时,有机废气的净化效率可保持在97%以上,当超过此值时,效率有明显下降。随着进口气体流量的增加,净化率逐渐下降,由入口流量为0.2m3/h时的97.2%下降到入口流量为0.8m3/h时的73.0%。湿度对净化率的影响较大,其中当湿度达到40%以上时,反应器有良好的去除效果。生物过滤塔的压降随着气体流量和填料高度的增加而增加。     

The potential for improvements in energy efficiency and CO2 emissions in the EU27 cement industry and the relationship with the capital budgeting decision criteria

This paper performs a cost-effectiveness analysis of some of the best available technologies (BAT) that can contribute to decreasing the energy consumption and CO₂ emissions in the European Union’s (EU27) cement industry. Several capital budgeting decision criteria have been used (the payback period, the net present value and the internal rate of return) to study whether or not an investment should be considered worthwhile. The results show that, independent of the capital budgeting decision criteria used, the number of cost-effective retrofitting possibilities available is large compared to the rate of improvements that the industry undertakes annually. This shows the insensitivity of the industry to financial criteria when it comes to making their investment decisions. The possible thermal energy improvement in the clinker production, if all these BATs were implemented, has been quantified to be around 10%. This achievement would place the cement industry in the upper bound of the benchmark range for clinker manufacture. However considering the delays observed nowadays in terms of diffusion of BATs in the cement industry, it requires a conducive policy environment that combines support for both technology development and to their deployment.     

不同横截面形状异形纤维捕集颗粒物的数值模拟

基于离散相模型(DPM),模拟研究了不同横截面形状异形纤维在拦截和惯性碰撞2种机制下对颗粒物的捕集效率;考察了颗粒物粒径、入口风速、纤维填充率和纤维放置方式对不同横截面形状异形纤维捕集颗粒物效率的影响。结果表明,当颗粒物粒径为0.5~2.5 μm,入口风速为0.5 m·s⁻¹时,异形纤维对颗粒物的捕集效率随粒径的增加而增加,对粒径为1.5 μm及以上颗粒物的捕集效率明显增加;入口风速为0.2~0.6 m·s⁻¹时,颗粒物粒径为2.5 μm时,异形纤维对颗粒物的捕集效率均随入口风速的增加而增加;当填充率为1.2%~4.0%时,颗粒物粒径为2.5 μm时,异形纤维对颗粒物的捕集效率随填充率的增加而增加,其中横截面为正三角形的纤维对颗粒物的捕集效率均最大。异形纤维的径向异形度相同时,纤维边垂线与来流方向平行的放置方式对颗粒物的捕集效率较高。不同横截面形状异形纤维的径向异形度系数越小,对颗粒物的捕集效率受纤维的放置方式的影响越小。本研究可为新型纤维滤料的开发提供参考。     

阴阳极成对耦合紫外光辅助电催化降解毒死蜱

以空气扩散阴极、纯铂阳极和紫外灯构建了阴阳极成对耦合紫外光辅助电催化的体系,并系统地研究了电流密度、阳极SO42-浓度以及毒死蜱初始浓度对毒死蜱降解效果的影响.结果表明,当阴极/阳极的电流密度为45/450 mA·cm-2,阳极SO42-浓度为1.0 mol-L-1,毒死蜱初始浓度为25 mg·L-1时,反应60 mi...