Accelerated degradation of carbofuran in standing water from carbofuran‐retreated Azolla plots

Abstract

Carbofuran (2, 3‐dihydro‐2, 2‐dimethyl‐7‐benzofuranyl N‐methylcarbamate) was mixed with standing water from six flooded Azolla (a fern harboring a nitrogen fixing alga, Anabaena azollae) plots that had been regularly treated with carbofuran before. The insecticide completely disappeared in 5 to 10 days when mixed with water from three of the six plots. The enrichment culture, prepared by further additions of carbofuran to the standing water from an Azolla plot, degraded bendiocarb (2, 2‐dimethyl‐l, 3‐benzidioxol‐4‐yl‐N‐methylcarbamate), carbofuran and carbosulfan [2,3‐dihydro‐2,2‐dimethyl‐7‐benzofuranyl (di‐n‐butyl‐aoinosulfenyl) methyl‐carbamate ] in that order. Enrichment culture, upon sterilization by autoclavlng, lost its ability to degrade carbofuran. Evidently, accelerated degradation of carbofuran in standing water from retreated Azolla plots was mediated by microorganisms.     

烟气二氧化硫分析仪采样计量泵的研制与应用

采样误差是抽样式污染源气体分析仪最大的误差来源之一。采样的气体浓度越高 ,越需要高精度的气体采样计量泵。文章介绍的计量泵精度可达 0 .1 1 %。应用该计量泵可以基本消除气体分析仪采样方面的计量误差     

Integrating fire management into land-use planning: A multiple-use management research,development, and applications program

The traditional view of fire as a destructive agent requiring immediate suppression is giving way to the view that fire can and should be used to meet land management goals. Thus,fire control is being replaced by the more general concept offire management, which is based on the need to integrate fire policy with land management objectives. The social, economic, and ecologic effects of fire must be evaluated in the selection of land management alternatives.The activities of fire management organizations—fire prevention, control, and use of fire—must respond to needs of land management. Many agencies have developed fire organizations as separate entities that set their own objectives. The many land and resource managers who have recognized the need to incorporate fire considerations into land-use planning have so far lacked the techniques to do so.As a natural process, fire has an important function in forest and range ecosystems. Fire can greatly influence the quantity and quality of resource outputs; it is a two-edged sword that can either harm or benefit our goals, depending upon the complex effects of fire and the nature of our wants.The Fire in Multiple-Use Management Research, Development, and Applications (RD&A) Program was initiated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, at the Northern Forest Fire Lab in Missoula to assist land managers. This profile explains what an RD&A program is; discusses its mission, goals, and approach to the problem; and tells why the approach involves federal laboratories, universities, and private research foundations.     

Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) from fluorescent pseudomonads in retrospect and prospect

Poly[(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates] (PHAs) are biopolymers stored by bacteria, which are currently receiving much attention because of their potential as renewable and biodegradable plastics. Most well-known representatives are poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] and its copolymers with 3-hydroxyvalerate, which have been commercialized under the trademark Biopol. In addition to these rigid materials, the elastomeric medium-chain length PHAs (mcl-PHAs) produced by fluorescent Pseudomonads are now emerging. The present review aims to survey the important developments concerning research and application prospects of mcl-PHAs.     

Current molecular biologic techniques for characterizing environmental microbial community

Microbes are vital to the earth because of their enormous numbers and instinct function maintaining the natural balance. Since the microbiology was applied in environmental science and engineering more than a century ago, researchers desire for more and more information concerning the microbial spatio-temporal variations in almost every fields from contaminated soil to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). For the past 30 years, molecular biologic techniques explored for environmental microbial community (EMC) have spanned a broad range of approaches to facilitate the researches with the assistance of computer science: faster, more accurate and more sensitive. In this feature article, we outlined several current and emerging molecular biologic techniques applied in detection of EMC, and presented and assessed in detail the application of three promising tools.     

从重复重力测量资料中用场论方法提取孕震信息的探讨

根据重力场非潮汐变化的波长特征讨论了由重复重力测量结果中提取地震前兆场信息的可能性。文中提出并应用场论理论中重力梯度场变化的二维散度可突出与地震有比较直接关系的孕震信息。通过对北祁连河西地区几次强震的分析研究，认为重力散度较好地反映了地震发生前震源区的孕震特征，是一种值得进一步研究的方法。     

荒漠蓝藻抗逆性及应用研究进展

蓝藻是荒漠藻类中的主要类群,它能抵御荒漠生境中高低温、干旱、高盐碱、高紫外辐射等极端环境的胁迫,蓝藻胞外多糖及胞内的伪枝藻素、MAAs等在抵抗逆境胁迫过程中起了重要的作用.主要介绍了荒漠蓝藻抗逆性及其培养条件的研究进展,并概述了荒漠蓝藻的应用研究.     

微生物学检验中菌落总数测量结果不确定度的评定研究

文章主要分析了微生物学检验中菌落总数测量不确定度的数学模型、测量不确定度的来源分析、测量不确定度的计算以及相应的表示方法.微生物学检验中菌落总数的测定,其特点是同一样品测定结果相差极大,由随机效应带来的测量重复性所导致的不确定度占了主要部分.通常的做法是对同一样品作多次测量,取对数后进行计算.     

饮用水反复烧开对水质的影响

以致癌物质亚硝酸盐为代表的反复烧开水的危害引起了公众的广泛关注,有报道说水在反复烧开的过程中亚硝酸盐的质量会增加,喝反复烧开的水对身体有害。为澄清这一问题文章以符合国家标准的自来水为研究对象,考察了沸腾次数和放置间隔时间对水质的影响。检测指标包括总氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氨氮、硬度、溶解性有机碳,通过多次实验发现:符合国家标准的自来水反复烧开后未检测到亚硝酸盐的存在,即便人为加入一定量的亚硝酸盐,在烧水过程中其质量也没有发生变化;烧开的水不喝放置48h并不影响水质;溶解性有机碳的质量从2.3mg上升至2.9mg,但随沸腾次数增加和放置时间的延长略有所下降至2.6mg;物料平衡表明,所有指标浓度的上升是由于蒸发浓缩所致,没有显示出生物化学作用。     

青岛市企业环境绩效评价体系构建与应用研究

企业环境绩效评价是将企业的主要环境行为以直观明了的形式向社会公开的一种社会监督手段.青岛市企业环境绩效评价指标体系由污染防治、环境管理行为、社会影响三大类客观指标与环境保护主管部门、辖区相关政府部门、企业周边居民与相关单位对企业环境绩效行为的主观评判指标构成.通过2013年、2014年连续两年对青岛市重点企业进行环境绩效评价并对外公布年度报告,使社会各界加强了对重点企业环境绩效的基本状况的了解,更好地保障了公众环境知情权和参与权,并起到了激励企业持续改善环境行为、不断提高企业环境绩效的作用.