蛭石类芬顿催化氧化降解紫丁香醇的研究

以蛭石为催化剂,通过激光粒度仪和电子扫描电镜对研磨蛭石进行粒径和形貌分析,研究蛭石类Fenton催化剂降解造纸废水中木质素模拟物紫丁香醇的特性,调查了催化剂研磨制备条件和相关反应条件,如蛭石投加量、初始p H值、H2O2用量、紫丁香醇溶液初始浓度等对紫丁香醇去除率的影响,同时还讨论了紫丁香醇降解过程中的动力学,结果表明:紫丁香醇降解效果随研磨时间的增加而增加,20 min后,蛭石平均粒径<6.9μm,基本效果不变;蛭石投加量为1.6 g/L,p H=3,双氧水为1.0 Q_(th)(Q_(th)为理论为量),紫丁香醇的浓度为50 mg/L的条件下,反应60 min后,紫丁香醇去除率基本可达100%,TOC去除率也可达到83.3%;蛭石类芬顿催化氧化降解紫丁香醇过程符合准一级动力学模型。     

连续施用鸡粪对菜心产量和重金属含量的影响

由于养殖业普遍使用微量元素添加剂,导致禽畜粪中重金属残留过高现象广泛存在.根据养殖场鸡粪含氮量计算其用量（N 0～450 kg·hm^-2）,进行连续4茬菜心施用鸡粪田间实验,探讨对菜心产量及重金属含量的影响.结果表明,第1、3茬所有施用鸡粪处理菜心产量比单施无机肥处理降低,第2茬则提高,第4茬鸡粪与无机肥配施处理提高了菜心产量.不同茬别菜心产量差别较大,第2茬显著高于其它茬别.从不同处理4茬菜心重金属平均含量来看,施用鸡粪可提高As、Zn含量,降低Cr、Cd含量,对Pb含量无明显影响,配施鸡粪提高Cu含量.除第2茬因产量稀释作用影响外,不同茬别所有处理菜心As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn平均含量随施用茬数增加而提高,Cd平均含量则下降.建议在无公害或绿色食品生产中避免一次性大量施用或连续施用养殖场禽畜粪.     

Effects of repeated applications of fungicide carbendazim on its persistence and microbial community in soil

Carbendazim, a systemic benzimidazole fungicide, is applied repeatedly to control of plant diseases including soilborne diseases, over a growing season. Studies were carried out under laboratory conditions to assess the effects of repeated carbendazim applications on its persistence and microbial community in soil. The results indicate that dissipation of carbendazim in soil was accelerated with its application frequency. The degradation rate constant of carbendazim was increased significantly from 0.074 d-1 to 0.79 d-1. The corresponding half-life was shorten markedly from 9.3 d to 0.9 d after four repeated applications. No significant inhibitory effect of carbendazim on soil microbial utilization of the carbon sources was observed after first treatment, but a slight increase in average well color development (AWCD) was shown after second, third, and fourth applications. It suggested that soil microorganisms become adapted to carbendazim after repeated application. Simpson and Shannon indexes of soil microbial community from carbendazim treated soil were also similar to those from the control soil, indicating that the richness and dominant character of soil microorganisms remain unchangeable after repeated application. However, after first, second, and third addition of carbendazim, McIntosh indexes on day 21 were significantly increased as compared with the control, suggesting that balance of soil microorganisms was altered due to the enrichment of the specific carbendazim-adapting strains in soil.