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81.
Soil pollution with Cd is an environmental problem common in the world, and it is necessary to establish what Cd concentrations
in soil could be dangerous to its fertility from toxicity effects and the risk of transference of this element to plants and
other organisms of the food chain. In this study, we assessed Cd toxicity on soil microorganisms and plants in two semiarid
soils (uncultivated and cultivated). Soil ATP content, dehydrogenase activity, and plant growth were measured in the two soils
spiked with concentrations ranging from 3 to 8000 mg Cd/kg soil and incubated for 3 h, 20 days, and 60 days. The Cd concentrations
that produced 5%; 10%;, and 50%; inhibition of each of the two soil microbiological parameter studied (ecological dose, ED,
values) were calculated using two different mathematical models. Also, the effect of Cd concentration on plant growth of ryegrass
(Lolium perenne, L.) was studied in the two soils. The Cd ED values calculated for soil dehydrogenase activity and ATP content were higher
in the agricultural soils than in the bare soil. For ATP inhibition, higher ED values were calculated than for dehydrogenase
activity inhibition. The average yields of ryegrass were reduced from 5.03 to 3.56 g in abandoned soil and from 4.21 to 1.15
g in agricultural soil with increasing concentrations of Cd in the soil. Plant growth was totally inhibited in abandoned and
agricultural soils at Cd concentrations above 2000 and 5000 mg/kg soil, respectively. There was a positive correlation between
the concentration of Cd in the plants and the total or DTPA-extractable concentrations of Cd in the soil. 相似文献
82.
AOX漂白废水对黑鲷鱼卵及仔鱼的毒性效应 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
用含AOX的造纸漂白废水对人工养殖的黑鲷鱼卵和早期仔鱼进行了毒性实验.结果表明:对于AOX漂白废水的毒性,黑鲷鱼卵胚胎阶段比早期仔鱼阶段更为敏感.高浓度的AOX漂白废水对鱼卵孵化产生一定的抑制作用,对仔鱼产生尾部畸形和致死现象,鱼卵孵化的EC50和95%置信区间分别为0.018和0~0.087 mL/mL;仔鱼72 h LC50和96h LC50分别为0.557和0.774 mL/mL,72 h的LOEC和NOEC分别为0.032和0.001 mL/mL,96 h的LOEC和NOEC分别为0.003和0.001 mL/mL.表明仔鱼对AOX漂白废水的毒性敏感性随着时间的推移而逐渐减弱. 相似文献
83.
在中温(35℃±1℃)厌氧条件下,以葡萄糖为共基质,采用间歇实验方法,研究了2,6-二硝基酚(2,6-DNP)的厌氧产甲烷毒性和厌氧降解动力学.厌氧毒性试验(ATA)以累计产甲烷量和相对活性(RA)为指标,评价了不同浓度2,6-DNP对产甲烷菌的抑制程度;结果表明,2,6-DNP浓度<20 mg/L时,对产甲烷菌没有抑制作用,浓度为40 mg/L时产生轻度抑制,浓度为80~120 mg/L时产生重度抑制;24 h 2,6-DNP的75%、50%、25%相对抑制浓度分别为30、70和>120 mg/L.2,6-DNP降解动力学可用Haldane方程来描述,利用非线性拟合求得动力学参数Ks、Rm、Ki分别为179.7 mg/L、4.84 mg/g VSS·h、206.5 mg/L,方差R2=0.94,拟合效果很好. 相似文献
84.
85.
五种重金属离子对黑褐新糠虾的急性毒性试验 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过Cu、Hg、Cd、Zn、Pb等5种重金属离子对黑褐新糠虾的急性毒性试验,分别得出了5种重金属离子对黑褐新糠虾的24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度及安全浓度,依次为:Cu2 0.625、0.161、0.161、0.125、0.013 mg/L;Zn2 4.028、1.083、0.917、0.583、0.058mg/L;Cd2 2.679、0.625、0.250、0.161、0.016mg/L;Pd2 13.750、13.750、9.583、1.917、0.192mg/L;Hg2 0.161、0.150、0.150、0.150、0.015 mg/L。研究结果表明:黑褐新糠虾对5种金属离子的敏感性为Cu2 >Hg2 >Cd2 >Zn2 >Pb2 ,黑褐新糠虾作为水域重金属离子的监测生物具有较明显的优势。 相似文献
86.
铝毒是酸性土壤(pH<5.0)中影响植物生长的重要因素.根系环境中的铝离子可影响矿物营养的获取,增加植物对铝胁迫的风险.植物通过根系分泌有机酸、生物酶和其他物质来解除或减轻铝的毒害.从铝胁迫对根系分泌系统的影响、根际微环境中铝的毒理效应和根际微环境中铝的抗毒机制等3个方面对植物根际微生态区域中铝的环境行为研究进展进行了综述,并对今后该领域的研究方向进行了展望. 相似文献
87.
为认定车辆碰撞事故的性质及责任,动态还原事故发生过程。提出1种逆向事故分析再现方法,经过坐标系旋转后构建确定方程组的车辆碰撞瞬间解析计算模型,并经过实车碰撞实验数据验证其计算精度与三维再现的准确性。利用Crashview软件对1起车辆追尾事故进行仿真分析,解析计算得出车辆碰撞瞬间车速和碰撞前行驶车速,实现事故二维过程重构和三维模拟再现。结果表明:计算分析车速与VDR记录车速误差在5%以内,模拟再现轨迹与事故现场实测痕迹基本吻合,所构建的方法可有效用于车辆追尾碰撞事故辅助分析鉴定,为事故过程分析提供理论依据。 相似文献
88.
Ravikumar KVG Debayan Ghosh Mrudula Pulimi Chandrasekaran Natarajan Amitava Mukherjee 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(1):16
89.
Martín-Díaz ML Tuberty SR McKenney CL Blasco J Sarasquete C Delvalls TA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):169-184
Individuals of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (males and females) were exposed simultaneously to cadmium and zinc during 21 days. Exposure concentrations were those determined
at the Guadiamar river after the Aznalcóllar mining spill (SW, Spain): 10 and 30 μg L−1 of cadmium and 1000 and 3000 μg L−1 of zinc. Three biomarkers (MT: metallothioneins like proteins, VTG: vitellogenin/vitellin like proteins and histopathology)
together with heavy metal bioaccumulation were determined in soft tissues of male and female P. clarkii. At the concentrations tested, increasing cadmium exposure resulted in increasing cadmium bioaccumulation and increasing subletal
effects (induction of MT, VTG and histopathological damage in tissues). Nevertheless, although increasing zinc exposure showed
increasing VTG induction and histopathological damages, not a positive relationship was determined with MT induction. Concerning
to responses determined in male and female crayfishes only differences were found between sexes at the highest cadmium exposure
concentration related to bioaccumulation in hepatopancreas tissues. Biomarkers responses to heavy metal contamination in this
crayfish, even VTG induction not before tested in heavy metal contamination assessment in crustaceans resulted potential tools
for the monitoring of heavy metal environmental contamination. 相似文献
90.
S.P. McGrath C. Micó J.L. Stroud S. Fozard 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(10):3085-3094
Four plant species (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.; red clover, Trifolium pratense L.; ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.; and tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L.) were tested on ten soils varying widely in soil properties to assess molybdenum (Mo) toxicity. A larger range (66-fold-609-fold) of added Mo concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition of yield (ED50) was found among soils than among plant species (2-fold-38-fold), which illustrated that the soils differed widely in the expression of Mo toxicity. Toxicity thresholds based on soil solution Mo narrowed the variation among soils compared to thresholds based on added Mo concentrations. We conclude that plant bioavailability of Mo in soil depends on Mo solubility, but this alone did not decrease the variability in observed toxicity enough to be used in risk assessment and that other soil properties influencing Mo toxicity to plants need to be considered. 相似文献