Protective effects of curcumin on antioxidant status,body weight gain,and reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on antioxidant status, body weight (BW) gains, and some reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups. The first group was kept as control. The second group (TCDD group) was given TCDD at a dose of 50 ng·kg^?1 BW per day; the third group (CUR group) was treated with CUR at a dose of 80 mg·kg^?1 BW per day. The fourth group (TCDD + CUR group) was given TCDD and CUR at the same doses simultaneously. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased in the TCDD group. In addition, TCDD exposure decreased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activities of kidney and brain, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities of liver, kidney, and brain, and glutathione levels of liver, kidney, and heart. However, CUR treatment with TCDD exposure decreased MDA levels in all tissues and increased SOD activities of liver, kidney, and brain, CAT activity of heart, and GSH-Px activities of heart and brain. TCDD caused a decrease in BW gain, and CUR partially eliminated this effect of TCDD. In addition, while reproductive organ weights, sperm concentration, and sperm motility tended to decrease with TCDD exposure, these effects tended to be close to normal levels by CUR treatment. In conclusion, CUR was seen to be effective in the treatment and prevention of toxicity induced by subchronic TCDD exposure.     

Thinking ahead about reproductive health: contingency planning and emergency preparedness in crisis situations (Iraq and West Africa)

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) coordinated efforts to integrate RH into contingency planning for the 2003 Iraq crisis and the 2003 regional response for displaced populations in West Africa. Using UNFPA's network of country offices in the Middle East, staff developed logistics plans, conducted workshops and pre-positioned RH supplies. Though refugee movements did not occur, the contingency planning enhanced the response capacity of UNFPA offices and made it possible to rapidly provide assistance inside Iraq. In West Africa, multi-country workshops and follow-up resulted in country-level and regional action plans useful during the renewed crises of 2003; scarce funding, however, limited their full implementation. UNFPA's experiences show that contingency planning requires committing resources for crises, some of which will not occur; new staff skills; and follow-up. Moreover, RH is considered by some to be additional to the core elements of contingency planning. RH's political sensitivity, particularly with certain donors, further complicated integrated planning.     

环境激素对生物的影响及其防治

环境激素是由于人类的生活和生产活动而释放到周围环境中的各种化学合成物质,会对人体内和动物体内原本营造的正常激素功能施加影响,从而引起生物的内分泌干扰效应。环境激素具有很强的污染性,并能被积累于周围的环境中。综述了环境激素对各生物类群和人类生殖机能和其它方面造成的影响,并就防治环境激素污染提出了一些建议。     

多溴二苯醚毒理学研究进展及展望(Research Progress and Future Perspectives in Toxicology Study on Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers)

多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)虽然已在一些国家禁止生产和使用,商品五溴和八溴二苯醚也在2009年被列入《关于持久性有机污染物(POPs)的斯德哥尔摩公约》受控范围内,但目前学术界对PBDEs的毒理学效应及其机制尤其是环境剂量效应的认识并不十分清楚. 论文从甲状腺干扰、神经毒性、生殖内分泌干扰3个方面介绍了近年来PBDEs毒理学研究的进展,分析了该领域研究中存在的几个问题,提出今后应大力开展环境相关剂量下PBDEs及代谢物的毒性研究,以推进对实际环境中PBDEs真实毒性的认识;同时探索能够反映PBDEs毒性的非创性生物标记物,为开展PBDEs人体健康影响的流行病学调查提供线索.     

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)毒理与健康效应研究

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)作为重要的聚氯乙烯塑料增塑剂在工业上应用广泛。目前,DEHP在海洋、大气、饮用水及动植物体内均被不同程度检出,对生态环境造成日益严重的污染。结合国内外毒理学研究成果,概述DEHP的人体暴露及代谢途径;并从肝脏、心脏、生殖发育系统和呼吸系统等方面详细探讨DEHP对动物健康的危害及其可能的毒性机制,以及对人体健康潜在的影响;在此基础上,对目前存在的问题及进一步研究的方向进行了探讨和展望。     

Environmental and genetic causes of maturational differences among rhesus macaque matrilines

Females of many cercopithecine primates live in stable dominance hierarchies that create long-term asymmetries among sets of female relatives (matrilines) in access to limiting resources and shelter from psychosocial stress. Rank-related differences in fitness components are widely documented, but their causes are unclear. Predicted breeding values from an animal model for female age of first reproduction are used to discriminate between shared additive genetic and shared environmental effects among the members of matrilines in a population of free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). While age of first reproduction has a modest heritability (≈0.2), breeding values are distributed in a largely random fashion among matrilines and contribute little to the observed rank-related differences in average age of first reproduction. These results support the long-held, but previously unverified, contention that rank-related life history differences in female cercopithecine primates are the result of environmental rather than genetic differences among them.     

一种新型可控堆肥反应器系统的快速好氧堆肥实验

研究自制可控堆肥反应器对城市污泥进行快速好氧堆肥的工艺效能。实验结果表明:新型堆肥反应器的可控性强。当初始入料堆体温度控制在40℃左右,含水率控制在50%左右时,堆体温度能在第3天就升至55℃以上,并维持5 d以上。含水率、pH、电导率、种子发芽指数(G I)和可挥发性固体(VS)等指标均具有良好的变化规律,均可作为堆肥腐熟度的表征和评价参数。反应器13 d即可完成一个堆肥周期,且堆肥产品的腐熟程度极高。     

石河子市采暖季和非采暖季住宅中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及婴幼儿健康风险评估

为了解石河子市住宅中邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalates,PAEs)的污染特征及PAEs对婴幼儿产生的健康风险.本研究对石河子市采暖季和非采暖季50户住宅降尘中的7种PAEs物质进行检测,利用蒙特卡洛(Monte Carlo)模拟和生理提取实验(PBET)评估了PAEs暴露对0～3岁婴幼儿产生的生殖和癌症风险.结果表明:①不同时期石河子市卧室和客厅降尘中邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(diisobutyl phthalate,DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(Dibutyl phthalate,DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯[Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP]均为室内PAEs的主要组成物质,占总PAEs的99.5%以上,其中DEHP为首要PAEs物质(浓度中位数值为361～462μg·g~(-1)),DBP次之(浓度中位数值为94.9～166μg·g~(-1));②除DIBP外,采暖季卧室和客厅降尘中各PAEs的浓度均高于非采暖季,且差异具有统计学显著性(p0.05),此趋势对小分子质量的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(Dimethyl phthalate,DMP)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(Diethyl phthalate,DEP)而言更明显,DMP采暖季浓度中位数值:0.36～0.42μg·g~(-1)非采暖季:nd,DEP采暖季:0.65～0.71μg·g~(-1)非采暖季:nd～0.03μg·g~(-1);③利用风险指数(HQ)进行健康风险评估表明,采暖季和非采暖季DBP暴露可能会对0～3岁婴幼儿产生较大的生殖风险(HQ_(DBP )=2.62～5.79);DEHP暴露可能会对0～2岁婴幼儿产生较大的癌症风险(HQ_(DEHP)=3.51～5.22).当考虑生物可及性后,仍有8%～37%的婴幼儿可能存在生殖风险,几乎所有婴幼儿无癌症风险.     

金钟藤（Merremia boisiana）生物学特点初探

测定了金钟藤（Merremia boisiana）枝条的生长速度,其枝条在生长季内平均每天长0．43-3-3cm,最快达7．8cm,且强枝能产生新的侧枝,营养生长能力强;调查了金钟藤始花期、开花数目、花期长短,并与其结实率进行相关性比较,发现金钟藤始花期和开花数目与结实率无显著相关性,而金钟藤花期长短与结实率呈显著负相关性（花期越长,结实率越低）,且开花较多,但果实、种子极少,种子繁殖力低。     

双酚A类似物的雄性生殖毒性研究进展

聚焦BPA类似物对雄性动物的生殖毒性研究,分析双酚S、双酚F、双酚AF、双酚B和双酚E对哺乳类实验动物睾丸及组织结构、附睾重量及组织学结构、激素水平、精子参数等常规指标的影响,考察关于鱼类和两栖类动物的研究.研究发现,不管暴露剂量高低、暴露方式的差异或是动物种属的不同,所有BPA类似物的暴露都显示阳性结果,这与BPA雄性生殖毒性尚有争议的事实形成对比,暗示这些BPA类似物具有比BPA更明显的雄性生殖毒性.总体来看,目前的BPA类似物雄性生殖毒性的数据只局限在有限的几个实验室,且实验的质量控制难以评价.因此,BPA类似物的雄性生殖毒性的数据还需要更多实验室的验证,并且过程中需要严格控制动物实验的质量,以获得更加可靠且可重复的结果.