微污染水源水生物硝化处理影响因素

通过对目前世界上规模最大的微污染水源水生物接触氧化处理工程运行过程中氨氮作效果的跟踪监测，较系统地对影响硝化处理效果的环境湿度、源水氨氮浓度、两类硝化细菌生长速率和转化能力的差异等因素进行了实验研究，为工程的运行参数控制提供了依据。     

The Precautionary Principle: Scientific Uncertainty and Omitted Research in the Context of GMO Use and Release

Commercialization of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have sparked profound controversies concerning adequate approaches to risk regulation. Scientific uncertainty and ambiguity, omitted research areas, and lack of basic knowledge crucial to risk assessmentshave become apparent. The objective of this article is to discuss the policy and practical implementation of the Precautionary Principle. A major conclusion is that the void in scientific understanding concerning risks posed by secondary effects and the complexity ofcause-effect relations warrant further research. Initiatives to approach the acceptance or rejection of a number of risk-associated hypotheses is badly needed. Further, since scientific advice plays a key role in GMOregulations, scientists have a responsibility to address and communicate uncertainty to policy makers and the public. Hence, the acceptance of uncertainty is not only a scientific issue, but is related to public policy and involves an ethical dimension.     

信息安全的现状与若干进展

本在综述了国内外信息安全理论，管理和技术现状的基础上，结合信息安全的发展趋势，简要介绍了信息安全技术与理论最新进展；国内外信息安全发展水平的对比显示，我国的信息安全水平仍相对落后。     

泥石流预报分类及其研究现状和发展方向

泥石流预报是泥石流减灾的重要手段之一,这方面的研究越来越多,研究内容和形式也越来越广泛、多样.但在众多的研究中,使用的都是内涵宽泛的泥石流预报概念而未进行细化和分类.为了促进泥石流预报研究的发展,通过综合分析和研究,归纳并提出了比较系统的泥石流预报分类方法和体系,确定了不同类型泥石流预报的具体内涵,并对不同类型泥石流预报现状进行了综合分析,同时提出了今后的发展方向.     

提高城市污水处理工程项目控制水平

本文根据城市污水处理工程的特点,提出从设计、施工、调试三个方面对项目的费用、进度和质量进行控制的方法和建议。     

A biotechnological agenda for the third world

Third World countries should exploit the genetic information stored in their flora and fauna to develop independent and highly competitive biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. The necessary condition for this policy to succeed is the reshaping of their universities and hospitals—to turn them into high-caliber research institutions dedicated to the creation of original knowledge and biomedical invention. Part of the service of the Third World foreign debt should be co-invested with the lending banks in high technology enterprises. This should be complemented with an active program of investments in First World biotech companies and university research departments which could contribute to the solving of problems connected with the First World. These strategic alliances would allow effective training of molecular biologists, improvement of South American universities, and education of biotechnologists, managers, and lawyers in the complexities of high-technology business. The establishment of real joint ventures between developed and underdeveloped countries might contribute to change the present strained relations between the North and the South, and science and technology could become real forces of social and economic development.     

Ethics in agricultural research

Utilitarian ethics provides a model for evaluating moral responsibility in agricultural research decisions according to the balance of costs and benefits accruing to the public at large. Given the traditions and special requirements of agricultural research planning, utilitarian theory is well adapted to serve as a starting point for evaluating these decisions, but utilitarianism has defects that are well documented in the philosophical literature. Criticisms of research decisions in agricultural mechanization and biotechnology correspond to documented defects in utilitarian theory. Research administrators can expect that application of a utilitarian standard ignoring these deficiencies will become the occasion for predictable attacks by critics. Administrators who are sensitive to the strengths and weaknesses of utilitarian ethics are equipped to make a better allocation of research effort.     

沿海油田污染物入海通量及优化管理

胜利油田所在的黄河三角洲诸条河流按入海类型分为三种形式：设有防潮闸的感潮河；设有排涝站的入海河；直流入海的感潮河。按照各河流入海段面、流速、流量和水体污染物浓度，建立起各种感潮河污染物入海通量模式，计算结果说明沿海油田排放的石油类污染物入海通量为1456t／a，COD入海量为5720t／a。根据各条入海河流不同功能和污染物入海量，按照国家地表水质标准，制定出入海河流环境组合目标，用总量控制方法提出污染源削减要求，以保证黄河三角洲沿海滩涂环境质量。并以污染物入海通量、河流径流量、污染物自净系数和污染物削减量等因子建立各条河流优化管理模型，为保护环境提供对策。     

GRADUATE EDUCATION IN WATER RESOURCES: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH1

ABSTRACT: The production of videotape as a product of a water resources seminar is an innovative approach to graduate education. The research effort required builds upon the traditional graduate seminar approach. The videotape production requires research effort to be focused into a coherent body of information which may be widely disseminated and effectively communicates information to the public. The use of outside speakers and field trips blends very well into the preparation of a videotape. The requriement to present the many sides of a complex water resource issue in a fair and equitable manner requires maturity and professional capability on the part of the students. The research effort requires the students to meet their professional obligation to present an objective, factual, and accurate statement of the issues studies.     

生物传感器在环境监测中的研究进展

详细介绍了生物传感器相关知识.讨论了各类生物传感器在水、大气环境监测领域中的应用, 指出了应用中存在的问题,展望了生物传感技术及传感器在环境监测领域的应用前景.