昌吉州农村生态环境建设途径的探索研究

当前,农村生态环境形势严峻,点源污染与面源污染共存、生活污染和工业污染叠加、各种新旧污染与二次污染相互交织,已经成为新农村建设的极大障碍。文章以新疆昌吉州加强农村生态环境建设为背景,以开发农业循环经济理论为指导,大力发展生态农业,合理规划农村产业布局,促进新农村社会经济和环境保护的和谐发展。     

Demystifying the challenges and barriers to manage,develop, and transfer clean and green technologies in Brazilian academic research groups: Some empirical evidence

This work presents empirical evidence of the main challenges in managing/leading academic research groups on clean and green technologies in Brazilian universities. We also present evidence about the main barriers to the effective creation of innovation and technology transfer of these clean and green technologies. Empirical evidence come from PhD researchers/academics who lead/manage official research groups on clean (environmental, green) technologies. Results show the following: (a) The main challenges of managing research groups are the lack of an innovative culture, the lack of partnership with an industrial sector, and the necessity of keeping laboratories updated; (b) the main barriers to innovation and technology transfer are difficulties in not having enough researchers and staff members, assessments of academic performance that do not consider innovation, and an uncertain national legislation on clean technology. Based on these and others’ findings, we suggest that policymakers working on clean and green technologies pay attention to act and develop initiatives focusing on the following: providing direct financial support for laboratory improvement, linking academics and practitioners from the industrial sector, and providing training and development programs on clean and green technologies’ legislation and financial issues, such as the payoff of clean and green technologies and opportunities from green investors.     

浸矿微生物胞外聚合物研究进展

浸矿微生物的胞外聚合物因其在细菌和矿物界面之间的重要作用而成为生物湿法冶金研究的热点。目前,浸矿微生物EPS研究集中在不同营养条件下的EPS组分分析、EPS合成途径和EPS对硫化矿物的生物作用过程等方面。详细归纳并总结了浸矿微生物胞外聚合物研究的最新进展,并指出未来的发展方向。     

高速公路建设中水土流失预测模式研究

针对山区高速公路建设的特点和可能造成水土流失的影响及其分布特性,根据国内外对水土流失预测的研究现状,选择了位于西南土石山区在建国道108线西攀高速公路路段的黄水互通式立交A匝道开挖边坡和K11 100～K11 210路段左侧的弃渣场上进行了观测试验,通过15次降雨量和水土流失量的实测,经过降雨强度、各时段降雨动能、降雨总能量参数单因子和复合因子与土壤流失量的相关分析,得出试验区的天然降雨雨滴中数直径与雨强的对数关系和单位降雨强度与降雨动能的关系;初步提出适用于高速公路建设土壤流失预测中的降雨侵蚀力的计算公式、土壤可侵蚀因子值;修正了经验法中的加速侵蚀系数A值.     

基于Logistic模型的水污染经济损失计量研究——以大沽夹河为例

首先讨论了水资源的价值及其计量.水污染经济损失,究其实质是由于水资源受污染而导致其使用价值降低或消失而造成的.在回顾已有的水污染经济损失计算模式的基础上,针对计算中存在的不足,提出了运用logistic模型来研究水污染造成的经济损失.并根据烟台市环保局提供的大沽夹河流域2002-2004年水质监测资料,研究该流域由于水污染而带来的经济损失,得出相应的结论.最后提出了一些防止和控制水污染的有效措施,以引起人们的警惕.     

曝气生物滤池填料的研究进展

简要介绍了曝气生物滤池的发展,并对国内外曝气生物滤池填料的研究进展分别进行了阐述,指出了未来曝气生物滤池填料的研究方向。     

Understanding the Scope of Farmer Perceptions of Risk: Considering Farmer Opinions on the Use of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops as a Stakeholder Voice in Policy

In the beginning, policy debates between critics and advocates of genetically modified (GM) crops focused on scientifically determined risks. Ten years later, the argument between environmentalists or consumers and regulators or industry has changed into a discussion about the implementation of more democratic policymaking about GM farming. A notable omission from the political debate about food biotechnology in the United States, however, is the opinion of farmers who cultivate the GM crops. Policymakers should value practical knowledge based on experiences from farmers, not only scientific industry reports or consumer product opinions. This project uses in-depth interviews to create an original mail survey that uses the practical discourse of farmers in order to explore the relationship of farmer attitudes and GM agriculture. Although national research indicates that larger yields are the most common reason for GM adoption, qualitative information suggest that the potential of GM crops to increase revenue per acre does not truly reflect all the concerns of modern farmers. For example, farmers who use GM seeds indicate that they constantly question the social impacts of their agricultural practices. As such, GM policies should be restructured as a political rationalization of both economic modeling and political theory because this research suggests that farmers’ business decisions are utility calucations that consider economics without ignoring environmental and political contexts. Farmers’ concerns about non-economic risks suggest that they need more information about GM crops and that governmental policies should respond to their interests, as they are more democratic or pluralistic than industry or consumer arguments.     

Experimental research on the variational characteristics of vertical stress of soft coal seam in front of mining face

Permeability of coal seam is extremely sensitive to the in situ stress loaded. The techniques of “Pressure relief” have been proved significantly effective in practice to improve the gas permeability and the gas extraction rate to the soft coal seam. It is very necessary to make clear of the variational characteristics of the stress distribution in front of coal mining face with the production process. The vertical stress values of the top and bottom layer of the coal seam at different distances in front of the coal face are respectively measured, and the corresponding curves of the vertical stress variation along the mining direction have been obtained. According to the research conclusions in this paper, some available technical measures of “Pressure relief” at different distances and different layers of soft coal seam in front of mining face, are expected to make and to put into practice. The research methods and correlative data included in this paper also can be referred to conduct some further and deep-seated exploration to get new theories and practical techniques for the gas drainage of the soft and low permeability coal seam.     

大型海啸灾害后重伤员批量护理风险建模研究

大型海啸灾害等自然灾害的发生产生了大量重伤员,所以研究大型海啸灾害后重伤员的批量护理风险建模极为重要.通过大型海啸灾害救治流程预案启动和重伤员批量护理实施方法两部分研究大型海啸灾害后重伤员批量护理方法,并提出通过前馈控制性管理防范护理风险.提升护理风险管理的科学性以及全面性.通过护理风险防范预案提升重伤员护理质量将大型...     

The gulf of cross-disciplinary research collaborations on global river basins is not narrowed

Using publications in the Web of Science database (WoS), this study investigates the research collaboration on the top 95 most researched global river basins since 1900. The links of both the disciplines involved and the management issues studied between the biophysical, economic, societal, climatic and governance sub-systems of these river basins were examined. We found that research collaborations were dominated within the biophysical sub-system (65.3%) since the knowledge predevelopment period (1900–1983), with continuous increases (by 18.5%) during the rapid development (1984–2000) and the stabilisation (12.9% increase) (2001–2017). However, research collaborations related to the societal sub-system remained marginalised (varied at about 1%), while those related to the governance sub-system expanded in issues studied (32.8%) but were not supported by the core governance disciplines (3.4%). The key findings explained why global river basins are degraded from the perspective of knowledge development and they can assist the strategic planning and management of scientific research for improving governance capacity in modifying the relationship between human and nature on river basins in the Anthropocene. Tackling challenges in the Anthropocene requires transformation of the current pattern of knowledge development, a revolution in the governance of science.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-022-01716-0.