油藏微生物群落分布及提高采收率的模拟实验研究

对取自大庆油田各类油藏的126个地层油水样品中部分微生物进行了培养计数和分析,检测出大庆油田地层水中含有好氧和厌氧微生物9类.在此基础上,进行了微生物提高石油采收率的物理模拟试验.结果表明,通过激活油藏地层水中的微生物,可以使油藏压力上升0.2MPa,并提高采收率幅度9%以上.     

抚顺市大中型水库水质富营养化现状及防治对策

对抚顺市五座水库的水体营养状态进行了评价，结果表明，有3座水库处于不同程度的中营养型，有2座水库处于不同程度的轻富营养型。分析认为水库富营养化受水库周围居民生活及集雨区内径流入库的氮磷量影响。并针对水库富营养化的机制及发展变化趋势，提出了水库富营养化的具体治理办法及促进库区经济、社会协调发展的有效途径。     

COMPUTER-AIDED PLANNING FOR MULTIPLE-PURPOSE RESERVOIR OPERATING POLICIES1

ABSTRACT: Computer-aided planning (CAP) for multiple-purpose reservoir operations involves use of state-of-the-art simulation and optimization methods, color graphic displays, and interactive computing interfaces. These technologies were integrated into a coherent system that has user-friendly interfaces to help the process of communicating reservoir system operations, solicit planning participant preferences and valuation judgments, and provide understandable feedback of system performance. The CAP system was imbedded in a comprehensive public involvement program that paralleled the reservoir operating policy modeling process, as part of multipurpose reservoir operations planning on the Great Plains Reservoirs in Colorado. Experience with the approach indicates the involved publics can quickly learn of reservoir system limitations and opportunities, and can indeed participate in the operations planning process.     

AN INTERACTIVE SIMULATION OF PUMPED STORAGE RESERVOIR SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: A combination pumped storage reservoir system was simulated by modifying the WRE deep reservoir model. Each of the two reservoirs was described by a copy of the WRE model program, the two programs were converted into subroutines and were called upon alternately by a main program. Operationally, the contributing reservoir, i.e., the reservoir from which flow was discharged, was simulated for one execution interval (1 hour), followed by simulating the receiving reservoir for the same execution interval. The main program directed the discharge temperature of the contributing reservoir for each execution interval as input for simulating the receiving reservoir. The two subroutines were run in this interactive mode for a simulation period of one year. Two simulations, labeled “Pump” and “Net,” were effected and differed basically in the distribution of flow volumes exchanged between the reservoirs. In the ‘Pump’ simulation the total hourly flow volumes were distributed into appropriate horizontal layers of the lakes as determined by temperature-density relationships, i.e., the pumped discharges were distributed into the upper lake and the generation discharges were distributed into the lower lake. In the ‘Net’ simulation only the net daily discharges (daily difference between pump-back and generation at the upper dam), distributed uniformly over 24 hours, were mixed into the horizontal layers of the two lakes. Both simulations produced annual thermal regimes that were apparently within reason for the geographical area and the nature of the input data. However, neither accurately reflected a generalized conditions for the reservoirs because the Pump simulation reflected conditions in the forebay and tailrace of the Upper dam while the Net simulation reflected conditions of the remaining parts of the reservoirs.     

黄壁庄水库消落区土地资源的合理利用

本文提出了水库消落区土地资源的利用问题,把水库消落区划分为常年利用区、季节性利用区和暂时性利用区.根据黄壁庄水库多年调度运行、水位变化规律,结合平山县农作物生长特性,运用频率分析计算方法,确定了3个时段(全年、3～9月、10～5月)不同保证率下的消落区土地利用高程,并估算了水库消落区土地面积和可利用土地面积,为合理利用该区土地资源,种植农作物等提供了科学依据.     

Influence of Postflood Hydrologic Conditions in the Kuibyshev Reservoir on Coastal Communities of Ground Beetles (COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE)

Long-term stationary investigations on the islands of the Kuibyshev Reservoir have revealed one of the elements of adaptation of communities of ground beetles to extreme conditions created by prolonged floods. In contrast to hydrologic conditions in the reservoir during the flood, small fluctuations in the water level in summer and autumn have a favorable effect on the community of ground beetles of flooded stations, which are actively repopulated after floodwater recession. Under conditions of the heterogeneous environment created in such areas, different species establish relationships that promote their coexistence.     

重庆都市圈可持续发展面临的主要生态环境问题与对策

对重庆都市圈生态环境问题进行了详细的分析;结合都市圈可持续发展和三峡水库安全运行的需求,提出了加大都市圈生态环境建设力度和绿地景观整治工程,优化产业结构与布局,扶持循环经济和生态环保产业发展,控制主城区规模、积极发展周边卫星城市,增加环保投入、加强重点环保基础设施建设、实施"净空"和"碧水"工程,建立都市圈生态环境信息管理系统和预警系统、实施都市圈生态系统管理等8条治理途径与措施。     

天津市地表水水质变化趋势及对策

水资源短缺和水体严重污染,是天津市的主要水环境问题。通过对天津市主要水体水质变化趋势及产生原因分析,揭示天津地区水污染的发生规律,并提出了改善水环境质量的相应对策。     

王瑶水库流域输油管道泄漏抢险方法与经验探讨

王瑶水库是延安市40万人民生活饮用水源地,是一座兼灌溉、养鱼、发电、拦泥淤的大型水库,对于其流域内输油管道泄漏险情的应急响应与抢险工作至关重要,本文着重阐述了长庆油田在应对原油泄漏后,针对不同河道、干沟及所处的地形、地貌特点开展应急抢险中的拦油、收油处置措施取得的经验及成效。通过分析原油的泄漏原因、泄漏特点综合介绍了现有的一些泄漏原油的拦截、回收方法的优缺点,结合历年来的一些原油泄漏抢险案例,提出了如何提高水库流域内快速抢险能力。     

前置库技术在水库水源地面源污染控制中的应用

近年来,农业面源污染对水库水源地的水质保护形成了威胁。为防治环境污染,保护水库水源地水体的水质,充分发挥资源的生产潜力,对水库水源地保护区进行面源污染控制尤显重要。前置库技术因其费用较低,可以多方受益、适合多种条件等优点,是目前防治水库水源地保护区内面源污染的有效途径之一。在考虑水库水源地特有的地形特点及其面源污染的突发性、大流量等问题的基础上,阐述了前置库系统的组成并解释其水质净化机理,提出了前置库如何选址及其库容的确定,并对前置库内部生态系统及水生生物配套工程的建设加以分析说明,最后提出了前置库技术在应用过程中存在的局限性。这种因地制宜的水污染治理技术,对减少水库外源有机污染负荷,特别是去除入库地表径流中的氮、磷安全有效,具有广泛的应用前景。