空气湿度对煤自燃特性影响的试验研究

为研究空气湿度对煤自燃特性的影响,运用程序升温试验台,在不同环境湿度条件下,对黄陵2号矿4#煤层煤样进行程序升温,分析不同温度下的气体成分,计算煤样在不同温度和湿度条件下的耗氧速率、CO和CO_2产生率,以及煤氧化的表观活化能。结果表明:与在干燥的空气中氧化相比,煤在加湿空气中的耗氧速率、CO和CO_2产生率升高,活化能降低,表明加湿有利于煤自燃;随空气湿度增加,煤体的耗氧速率、cO和CO_2产生率先升高后降低,活化能先降低后增加,表明存在一个最容易使煤氧化自燃的临界空气湿度;黄陵2号矿4#煤层煤样的临界相对湿度为25%左右。     

中国城市化与城镇居民住房

随着住房制度改革的不断深入,我国城镇居民人均居住面积有所提高,居住水平有所改善。但是,中国城市化发展的特点很容易造成城镇居民居住水平提高的假象。本文分析了造成这些假象的原因。     

Arctic Residents' Observations and Human Impact Assessments in Understanding Environmental Changes in Boreal Forests: Russian Experience and Circumpolar Perspectives

Three methods of gathering local and traditional knowledge of Indigenous Peoples were used to assess environmental changes and human impacts in Russian boreal forest communities: structured interviews, followed by an unstructured interview, and an education/training workshop. The most important environment changes reported by Indigenous Peoples included the disappearance of animals and plants, climate changes, a decrease in forest and shrub area, and human impacts such as poaching, forests fires, industrial logging, clearing of forests for firewood, and water pollution by industrial wastes and discharges. We propose establishment of the Boreal Residents' Network for Socio-environment Assessments and Education for Sustainable Development to acquire local and traditional knowledge as a supplement to scientific monitoring. The proposed approach would involve permanent inhabitants living in a broad range of boreal forests to gather local and traditional knowledge and assessments. This could lead to a meta-database to share with international networks.     

综合调水前后苏州河下游水体耗氧特性比较

对综合调水前后的苏州河（北新泾下游）水体耗氧特性进行了定性与定量比较。结果表明，综合调水工程全面实施后，苏州河下游水体的还原性物质耗氧阶段消失，单位水体耗氧量大幅度下降，但难降解有机物阶段的耗氧量仍较高。耗氧动力学模拟计算表明，CBOD耗氧一级反应动力学速率常数（K）在综合调水前后变化不大，而硝化耗氧Logistic动力学速率常数（Kn-log)则明显提高。     

A/O强化二段生物接触氧化+二氧化氯接触消毒工艺处理医疗废水实例

如何提高处理效果和减少投资,是处理医疗废水的重点.A/O强化二段生物接触氧化 二氧化氯接触消毒工艺综合了厌(兼)氧、好氧以及A-B法的优点,克服了各自的缺点,通过对河南省商丘市第一人民医院的医疗废水处理,证明该工艺是一种处理医疗废水的行之有效的工艺.     

乳业推行清洁生产、清洁产品及清洁消费的可行性分析--为内蒙古乳品业再发展策划新制高点

本文从分析国内乳业市的竞争趋势及不利因素入手，论证了乳业开展清洁生产的必要性与可行性，指出理论上乳品工厂开展清洁生产可以做到原料全部转化成产品，乳业若能从绿色产品生产观转到清洁产品生产观，则可以占领新的市场制高点。文章还讨论了乳业率先推出清洁消费市场观念的必要性及政府在政策上可采取的引导措施。     

“以电代煤”环境效益分析

目前 ,我国只有约 1 /3的煤用于发电 ,远低于发达国家的水平。要改善我国特别是城市大气环境状况 ,实行“以电代煤”是一条最有效的途径。本文以上海、北京、柳州等城市为例 ,分析了“以电代煤”的环境效益 ,并指出 ,使用电力作为最终消费方式 ,最清洁、方便 ,效率最高 ,也最易于控制。     

浅论循环经济视野下的拾荒者与城市生活垃圾处理问题

文章简单介绍国内城市生活垃圾处理的现状,探讨城市拾荒者之于城市循环经济的意义,分析社会各界对拾荒者的认识与态度,建议针对我国国情应充分发挥拾荒者经济外部性的正效应,合理控制拾荒者经济外部性的负效应,为我国城市生活垃圾"减量化、无害化、资源化"处理谋求高效低成本的实现方法,以期达到城市循环经济的目标.     

优化工艺操作减少药剂消耗和浮渣量

2004年中国石化济南分公司污水处理场优化工艺操作，在原油加工量比2003年增加24．2％、污水处理量比2003年增加23．6％的情况下，污水处理使用的药剂、浮选浮渣不但没有增加，反而有大幅度的降低，取得良好的经济效益和社会环境效益。     

Simple rules for measuring changes in ecosystem carbon in forestry-offset projects

There is growing interest in the useof forestry-offset projects to mitigate increasingconcentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. If forestry-offset projects are to be employed broadlyand successfully there need to be accounting rulesthat are easy to operationalize and effective inpreventing cheating. Since carbon is both tangibleand predictable in where it occurs it is feasible todevelop simple accounting rules. Such rules must beconservative with respect to the amount of carboncredited.If accounting practices based on the following simplerules are employed, costs will be kept low andprojects will credit only carbon that is physicallypresent:Changes in living aboveground biomass must always be measured in forestry –offset projects.Belowground living biomass can be estimated from aboveground living biomass in forestry-offset projects. Generalized root/shoot ratios can be used as long as conservative ratios are applied.Not all changes in soil carbon stocks need to be measured, only those for which there is a possibility the stock is declining.The necromass pool need not be measured except when there has been a recent disturbance (interval varies with ecosystem). To insure that inaccurate techniques do not lead to overestimating of carbon stock changes, imprecise estimates of the carbon content of an ecosystem compartment should be discounted.There should be no required level of accuracy associated with estimates of carbon stock changes in forestry-offset projects, but the creditable carbon should be discounted proportional to the uncertainty.