我国居民消费水平提高对资源、环境影响趋势分析

当人们将注意力集中在如何刺激消费拉动经济增长的时候。却很少有人关注消费规模的扩大对我国资源、环境和生态构成的压力。未来20～30年。中国13亿人中的大多数要从目前的温饱走向小康生活，物质生产与消费的规模将持续扩大，由此将带来的资源短缺与增加的环境压力。应引起政府、企业界和消费者的广泛重视。本文仅对近年来国民物质消费增长导致的资源环境问题以及未来的变化趋势进行分析。以提醒人们在中国走向现代化的今天。适度消费、过节俭的生活还应广泛提倡。     

用窄点原理进行节水分析

简要地对窄点原理进行了介绍。用窄点原理对工程设计进行了具体分析，在排污量相同的情况下，分别采用洁净水接纳污染物、采用满足进水浓度要求但无回用的废水接纳污染物和采用窄点技术且可回用废水但无水处理过程的废水接纳污染物三种供水方式。比较不同的供水方式所需的不同耗水量。从而得出窄点分析原理对节水，节能和降污保护环境具有的重大意义。     

Energy Supply Potentials and Needs, and the Environmental Impact of their Use in Sudan

Sudan is an agricultural country with fertile land, plenty of water resources, livestock, forestry resources, and agricultural residues. An overview of the energy situation in Sudan is introduced with reference to the end uses and regional distribution. Energy sources are divided into two main types; conventional energy (biomass, petroleum products, and electricity); and non-conventional energy (solar, wind, hydro-electricity, etc.). Sudan possesses a relatively high abundance of solar radiation, and moderate wind speeds, hydro, and biomass energy resources. The application of the new and renewable sources of energy available in Sudan is now a major issue in future energy strategic planning and for an alternative to fossil conventional energy. Sudan is an important case study in the context of renewable energy. It has a long history of meeting its energy needs through renewables. Sudan's renewables' portfolio is broad and diverse, due in part to the country's wide range of climates and landscapes. Like many of the African leaders in renewable energy utilization, Sudan has a well-defined commitment to continue research, development, and implementation of new technologies. Sustainable low-carbon energy scenarios for the new century emphasize the untapped potential of renewable resources. Rural areas of Sudan can benefit from this transition. The increased availability of reliable and efficient energy services stimulates new development alternatives. It is concluded that renewable, environmentally friendly, energy must be encouraged, promoted, invested, implemented, and demonstrated by full-scale plants, especially for use in the remote rural areas of Sudan.     

Naturalness: Beyond Animal Welfare

There is an ongoing debate in animalethics on the meaning and scope of animalwelfare. In certain broader views, leading anatural life through the development of naturalcapabilities is also headed under the conceptof animal welfare. I argue that a concern forthe development of natural capabilities of ananimal such as expressed when living freelyshould be distinguished from the preservationof the naturalness of its behavior andappearance. However, it is not always clearwhere a plea for natural living changes overinto a plea for the preservation of theirnaturalness or wildness. In the first part ofthis article, I examine to what extent theconcerns for natural living meet ``theexperience requirement.' I conclude that someof these concerns go beyond welfare. In thesecond part of the article. I ask whether wehave moral reasons to respect concernsfor the naturalness of an animal's living thattranscend its welfare. I argue that the moralrelevance of such considerations can be graspedwhen we see animals as entities bearingnon-moral intrinsic values. In my view the``natural' appearance and behavior of an animalmay embody intrinsic values. Caring for ananimal's naturalness should then be understoodas caring for such intrinsic values. Intrinsicvalues provide moral reasons for action iffthey are seen as constitutive of the good lifefor humans. I conclude by reinterpreting,within the framework of a perfectionist ethicaltheory, the notion of indirect dutiesregarding animals, which go beyond andsupplement the direct duties towardsanimals.     

Linkage Effects and Environmental Impacts from Oil Consumption Industries in Taiwan

Input–output modeling and cluster analysis are used to assess the impacts of oil consumption industries on environmental quality and inter-industry relationships in Taiwan. Results indicate that fuel oil has the greatest impact on the environment. The transportation sector has grown rapidly with high energy intensity and severe pollution emission in Taiwan. Also, power generation, other industrial chemicals, paper products, non-metallic mineral products, petro-chemical materials, rubber products, cement and textiles are identified as the most significant industries causing serious pollution problems in Taiwan. Results of inter-industry linkages confirm that investment of the above-mentioned industries should be adjusted to better energy efficiency, environmental quality and economic bases. This study indicates that energy policy should integrate environmental policy, in addition to assuring energy and economical gains.     

淮阴开发湖泊水产发展“三高”农业

本文依据淮阴目前农业的发展趋势和境内面大量广的湖泊资源优势，论述大力开发湖泊水产资源是淮阴发展“三高”农业的一条重要途径，并提出围绕“三高”确定开发方向，途径和目标，以及实现目标的战略措施。     

基于网格化管理的“防灾型”高校社区管理模式构建

为确保高校社区安全管理的精准、高效、便捷,将社区网格化管理的理论和技术引入高校安全管理中,构建“防灾型”高校社区安全管理模式,结合“微安全”微信平台,链接社区全体人员。根据布拉德安全曲线,将“防灾型”高校社区安全管理模式定位在杜邦安全管理第三阶段;采用问卷调查的形式对管理效果进行考察。研究结果表明:事故发生率降低61.42%,事件处理效率提高74.05%,居民满意度达80.2%;“防灾型”网格社区安全管理模式能够对高校安全信息进行系统化管理,实现管理层与执行层的扁平化、联动管理;安全事故伤害率越来越低。     

基于网络分区和路径能耗的深井无线传感器网络多簇首路由算法

为解决深部矿井无线传感器网络因节点能量受限导致网络生存时间短及由多跳传输引起的“热区”问题,提出1种以分区结构和能量多路径为基础的带状无线传感器网络多簇首路由算法(NPPEC)。算法采用跳数泛洪方式建立带状网络分区结构,将节点分布密度加入主簇首竞选机制中,通过主簇首和副簇首的分工配合,使簇首能量更均衡地消耗;依据路径能耗、节点当前能量及位置计算路径选择概率,并通过控制跳数改善数据传输的实时性。经仿真比较,NPPEC算法网络生存时间约为LEACH算法的1.807 2倍、HEED-EELD算法的1.198 4倍,同时也有效改善了网络“热区”问题,为深部矿井无线传感器网络的构建提供1种更有效的解决方案。     

海洋信息工程安全生产管理体系建设研究

海洋信息工程是战略性与风险性并存的新兴产业,如何科学构建安全生产管理体系、有效管控安全风险,成为各界关注的重点。本文分析了海洋信息工程的高风险性,围绕风险管控探索海洋信息工程安全生产管理体系建设的原则和策略,创新地提出"三全"法、一库四系统、多元共治等风险辨识治理措施,为海洋信息工程安全生产管理体系建设提供多种方法。     

土地流转与农户收入增长——基于收入结构的视角

农户参与土地流转能否产生正的收入效应是一个广为社会各界关注的问题,然而已有的经验研究结论却大相径庭,文章以为对土地流转异质性影响的忽视是导致诸多土地流转收入效应研究结论不一致的关键。基于此,文章应用2010—2018五轮中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),分析土地流转对不同农户类型、不同收入来源的影响差异。基本实证结果表明:第一,土地流转确实会增加农户收入,但是主要表现为对转出农户有正的收入效应,对转入农户的家庭纯收入影响并不明显。第二,土地流转对转入农户与转出农户的不同类型收入的影响并不一致。转出户工资性收入增长幅度远高于经营性收入下降幅度,工资性收入对转出户家庭纯收入的增长贡献接近80%;转入户的经营性收入增长无法弥补工资性收入下降,导致家庭总收入水平没有显著变化。以上实证结果经双重差分模型、处理效应模型等一系列模型敏感性分析后并未改变,表明文章的基本结论是稳健的。进一步地,文章对收入异质性的原因进行分析,发现土地流转对不同农户的劳动力资源配置决策影响存在差异,转出户外出务工与创业的概率增加,非农生产的劳动力投入增加;而转入户则在农业生产中投入更多资源,包括家庭农业劳动参与增加以及农业投入增加。文章进一步的政策讨论也发现,由于转出农户对技术改进的依赖性较弱,转出农户只需要保证能够找到一份替代工作就可以获得更高的收入;但对转入农户而言,由于缺乏足够的技术帮扶,所以他们的土地生产改进有限,反而难以产生土地流转理论提到的资源配置优化,这可能会限制土地流转市场的进一步扩大。综上,文章研究为优化土地流转政策、提高土地流转参与率,并最终实现农户的社会福利改善提供了一定的理论与经验证据支持。