储罐爆炸抛射碎片对目标储罐的破坏概率研究

化工储罐爆炸产生的抛射碎片击中并破坏相邻罐体后,将引发多米诺效应。N guyen破坏概率模型认为,当罐壳受撞击后,残余壁厚小于某个临界值时就会被破坏,并假设该临界残余壁厚为定值,存在不合理之处。本文基于储罐壳体损失面积安全评价方法AP I 579,把撞击形成的复杂凹坑简化为圆锥形,分别针对圆柱储罐、球罐推导出圆锥形凹坑剩余强度系数的求解方法,并根据塑性失效理论确定了罐壳的临界剩余强度系数,由此建立了新的破坏准则。在此基础上,采用蒙特卡罗法进行模拟,建立了新的爆炸碎片对目标储罐的破坏概率模型,与N guyen模型相比,得出的破坏概率偏大,结果更为安全保守。通过对剩余强度系数与无量纲撞击深度和凹坑锥角的变化关系进行分析,证明N guyen模型中临界残余壁厚为定值的假设并不合理,而新的基于剩余强度系数计算的破坏概率更为准确合理。     

Pyrethroid use-malaria control and individual applications by households for other pests and home garden use

Presence of pyrethroid insecticides in human breast milk and in thatch wall material of dwellings from Southern Africa subtropical area (Manhiça, Mozambique) was investigated to assess potential pyrethroid route of human exposure. Human breast milk samples were collected during 2002 when pyrethroids were widely used as insecticides for mosquito bed nets in Mozambique for malaria control. The median concentration value of total pyrethroids ranged between 87 and 1200 ng/g lw, with λ-cyhalothrin being the most predominant pyrethroid in human breast milk contributing for 35% of the total amount. Moreover, and for the first time, an isomer-specific enrichment was found in human breast milk, showing a selective isomeric accumulation or metabolism in the human body. Based on the calculated pyrethroid concentrations in human breast milk, the daily ingestion rate of pyrethroid was estimated. The nursing infant dietary intake ranged from 0.67 to 9.0 μg (kg of body weight)^− 1 day^− 1. In addition, thatch materials collected after the reintegration of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethene (DDT) as insecticide residual spraying (IRS) in Mozambique, showed the presence of pyrethroids with concentration values ranging between 6.9 and 700 ng/g dw. In thatch material as well as in human breast milk, pyrethroid contamination was mainly attributed to the agriculture usage of this insecticide knowing that agriculture represent the 80% of the economy in Mozambique. However, a possible usage of this insecticide as IRS in Mozambique cannot be excluded despite their low efficiency for malaria control. The continued use of these compounds (both for agriculture and malaria prevention) and the ingestion rates calculated from the breast milk concentrations indicate that these insecticides cannot be overlooked for the assessment of the lactation risks of breastfeeding infants from the Manhiça region.     

电动振动系统在振动时效方面的应用

本文论述了振动时效的原理和工艺方法,比较了使用电动振动系统进行的振动时效和自然时效、热时效以及传统的振动时效在消除工件内部产生的残余应力优缺点,指出了使用电动振动系统进行的振动时效在各类典型工件中应用的有效措施。     

多核复合聚铝絮凝剂对水体残留铝的影响

采用分别添加金属离子Fe~(3+)和Zn~(2+)的方法制备多核复合型絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)和聚合氯化铝锌(PAZC),并与市售聚合氯化铝(PAC)比较处理高岭土模拟水样后出水残留铝浓度,得出复合絮凝剂具有更低的出水余铝量及更宽的pH适用范围以及更低的投加量。达到85%COD去除率,PAZC、PAFC和PAC用量分别为5、10和20 mg/L;处理后出水残余铝量分别为0.04、0.09和0.14 mg/L;处理成本分别为0.020、0.028和0.048元/t。     

Wild fire impact on copper, zinc, lead and cadmium distribution in soil and relation with abundance in selected plants of Lamiaceae family from Vidlic Mountain (Serbia)

Fire has been considered as an improving factor in soil quality, but only if it is controlled. Severe wild fire occurred in the summer 2007 on the Vidlic Mountain (Serbia) overspreading a huge area of meadows and forests.Main soil characteristics and content of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) in different fractions obtained after sequential extraction of soil from post-fire areas and from fire non disturbed areas were studied. In four plant species of Lamiaceae family (Ajuga genevensis L., Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L., Teucrium chamaedrys L., Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench.), that grow in typical habitats of the mountain, distribution of heavy metals in aerial parts and roots was investigated too.For all samples from post-fire area cation exchange capacity and soil organic matter content are increased while rH is decreased. Fire caused slightly increased bioavailability of the observed metals but more significant rise happened in metal amounts bound to oxides and organics. The plants showed variable behavior. T. chamaedrys collected on the post-fire area contained elevated concentrations of all analyzed metals. A. alpinus showed higher phytoaccumulation for Zn and Cd, while the other two plant species for Pb and Cd in the post-fire areas.     

毒死蜱在小麦植株及土壤环境中的残留特性

通过盆栽试验,利用固相萃取和气相色谱氮磷检测器分析方法研究了有机磷农药毒死蜱在小麦植株及其生长土壤中的残留特性. 结果表明:毒死蜱在小麦植株中的降解较快,施药21 d降解率均已超过99%,其中分蘖期比拔节期降解更快,施药14 d降解率已达99.56%,降解规律用指数方程拟合得不够好;毒死蜱在盐碱土中的降解比在通常的生长土壤中快得多,平均半衰期为11.04 d,其中在拔节期比在分蘖期土壤中降解快,降解规律符合指数方程. 毒死蜱在低浓度下降解的半衰期相对更长.      

DETERMINATION OF UNCONFINED AQUIFER HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES FROM RECOVERY TEST DATA1

ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the sensitivity of drawdown to four hydraulic parameters in unconfined aquifers: horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity K_r and K_z, storage coefficient S, and specific yield S_y. Sensitivity coefficients indicate that the sensitivity vanes with time for each aquifer parameter, and K_r, K_z, S, and S_y are identifiable from recovery test data. An inverse method was used to calculate the four parameters from residual drawdowns. Results of application examples demonstrate that residual data provide valid information in the determination of unconfined aquifer hydraulic parameters.     

紫杉醇原料药中有机溶剂残留量的气相色谱分析

对紫杉醇原料药中多种有机溶剂残留量,用气相色谱法同时进行了测定．提出该药品有机溶剂残留量测定的标准及方法,本法准确、灵敏、简便、快捷,为紫杉醇原料药质量标准的制定提供了实验依据．     

Natural organic matter(NOM) removal from surface water by coagulation

IntroductionNaturalorganicmatter(NOM)inriversandlakesisacomplexmixtureofmoleculeswithvaryingmolecularweightandchemicalnatureandoriginatesfromavarietyofsources(degradationofterrestrialandaquaticorganisms,biologicalactivityinthewaterbody,humaninputsetc.).NO…     

能量解偶联代谢对剩余污泥的减量化研究

采用3,3′,4′,5四氯水杨酰苯胺(TCS)作为代谢解偶联剂添加到活性污泥工艺中,连续曝气分批培养实验结果表明,TCS以固体方式投加的效果好于液态投加,每天投加12mg,相当于液态浓度1mg/L,可使污泥产量49%。在30d的运行期间,每天分别在4个反应器中添加TCS5.0、8、10和12mg,出水氨氮及总氮浓度均未受影响,但污泥的COD去除能力有所下降,当投加12mg时,COD去除率比对照下降了8.9%。污泥的SVI值有所上升,但沉降性能未见有明显影响。污泥微生物的种群结构发生了改变。