调理剂对CAF污泥浓缩工艺影响的试验研究

涡凹气浮(CAF)已广泛应用于工业废水和城市污水的预处理中.由于污泥本身的特性原因,CAF在污泥处理中尚没有应用.通过试验投加污泥调理剂改变污泥的特性,以达到将CAF工艺用于浓缩活性污泥的目的.试验表明,CAF工艺浓缩低浓度剩余活性污泥效果很好,但正确选择污泥调理剂的投加点和投加量对CAF污泥浓缩工艺至关重要.     

残余能量差法用于在役结构无损检测的研究

在役结构因其原始指纹不易获得,使得对其进行损伤检测存在一定的困难。基于动力检测方法的原理,提出了一种新的损伤识别指标———残余能量差,并且推导了各节点对于残余能量差贡献的表达式。根据结构损伤前后的残余能量差的变化可以判断损伤的发生与否及其损伤位置,它不需要结构的完好指纹作为比较,适用于在役结构的无损检测和状态监测。数值模拟和试验测试的结果都证明了该方法的有效性。     

秦皇岛城市污水处理厂剩余污泥基本性质及农用价值分析

剩余污泥的处理与处置是个世界性的难题.目前的处置方法中,土地利用逐渐被各国所广泛采用.通过对秦皇岛第三、第四污水处理厂的剩余污泥的基本性质进行测试,以此为基础对污泥的农用价值及其应用前景进行分析和展望.     

利用烟道气处理焦化剩余氨水技术

利用淮钢发电厂锅炉烟道气处理焦化剩余氨水 ,不仅实现了焦化剩余氨水零排放 ,并具有脱硫降尘的效果。     

敌敌畏,马拉硫磷在烟叶中残留量的测定

本文采用气相色谱法，用一根色谱柱，利用程序升温分析测定烟叶中敌敌畏，马拉硫磷农药残留量，该法的最低检出浓度敌敌畏为０．０２ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，马拉硫磷为０．０１ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，平均加标回收纺率为８７－１０２％，变异系数２．５７－４．６％。     

不同有机物料对土壤N2O排放的影响与调控

通过向土壤施加15N标记的莴笋残体(处理R)、废纸浆(处理P)及二者混合物(处理RP),并利用不同的压力使其成为3种不同容重处理的土壤样本,进行密闭培养,定时测定土壤N2O排放量及土壤溶液中NO3-与NH4 的动态变化,以探讨N_2O的产生与调控机制.结果表明,8d N2O释放量为R处理最大,RP处理其次,P处理最小.短期内(8d)R处理N2O释放最大量为空白对照(CK)的15倍,增加了土壤反硝化作用;P处理在同期内不能增加N2O释放量,证明这种废纸浆可少量(<2.5%)施用于农田中.RP与CK、P处理比较,可以刺激微生物活性和增加土壤反硝化作用;与R处理相比较,可以增加氮的固定.增加有机质的添加量使同一容重水平的RP处理N2O释放量高于R处理.70%的土壤样本随容重增加N2O释放量增加.土壤容重的增加同时影响了废纸浆的分解速率和土壤溶液中NO3-与NH4 浓度.     

焊接残余应力数值模拟的研究与发展

分析了用有限元法计算焊接残余应力的基本理论,其中包括温度场和应力场的数值模拟,介绍了焊接残余应力数值模拟方法的近期研究成果,并探讨了焊接残余应力数值模拟技术的发展趋势。     

不锈钢/铝(铝合金)/不锈钢多层复合板残余应力研究

采用取条法和化学浸蚀法相结合对不锈钢 /铝 (铝合金 ) /不锈钢多层复合板的残余应力值进行了测量。结果表明外层不锈钢受到长度和宽度方向的残余拉应力作用 ,随着轧制复合变形量的增加 ,多层复合板的残余应力值会逐渐增大。此外还通过热 力耦合的弹塑性有限元法对不锈钢 /铝 (铝合金 ) /不锈钢多层复合板的残余应力场进行了模拟仿真 ,并将模拟结果与试验测量值进行了分析和对比。     

Governance structures for social-ecological systems: Assessing institutional options against a social residual claimant

Rural areas face increasing pressures to deliver both private and public goods from land management. Multiple stakeholders seek different outcomes and there is substantial heterogeneity in values. Trade-offs, synergies and complementarities exist between different services and alternative bundles of goods. The resulting complex social-ecological systems (SES) therefore require adaptive co-management. In a governance context, no single organisation has oversight across the variety of interests involved, but the challenge remains as to how these interests can best be balanced and negotiated, to deliver socially beneficial outcomes. This paper analyses how this might be achieved by considering the perspective of a ‘social residual claimant’ (SRC). The SRC, as an ideal type, represents the ultimate ‘owner’ or steward of an ecosystem which sets the criteria to assess alternative outcomes, identifying best approaches and addressing uncertainty through adaptive management. A SRC cannot be a static construct, but must interact with and influence private land-holders and other stakeholders, adjusting actions as circumstances change. We identify the criteria that would be required in order for an SRC to act in the best interests of society. We then make a comparison of these criteria against the conditions applying in three contrasting approaches currently operating in the UK: National Parks, Landscape Partnerships and Nature Improvement Areas. This enables us to identify the differences between approaches and to suggest changes that could enhance capabilities, as well as ideas for further research. We suggest that the ideal of an SRC offers a simple method of benchmarking that has potential application across a wider range of different local contexts, beyond the UK.     

改进剩余推力法及其在三板溪滑坡稳定研究中的应用

基于传统剩余推力法和Sarma法,提出改进剩余推力法,以位于三板溪电站进水口上游的滑坡体为例,说明了对水利水电工程诱发的滑坡灾害的评价和治理方法.采用剩余推力法和改进剩余推力法对三板溪滑坡的天然状态、水库蓄水、地震、库水位骤降等工况进行了稳定分析.结果显示,在水库蓄水、地震、库水位骤降工况下,该滑坡的稳定性低于设计标准,因此,须采取相应的加固措施.推荐了抗滑桩设计方案,已经在三板溪滑坡工程中成功实施.