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231.
莱州湾水体中有机磷农药的残留监测与风险影响评价 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究近年来莱州湾水体中有机磷农药残留情况及对环境的影响.于2005年5月采集了渤海莱州湾及其主要河口地区的水样,用气相色谱(GC-FPD)测定了样品中有机磷农药的含量,并运用化学污染物风险评价公式进行了风险概率评价.结果表明,莱州湾海域水体中有机磷农药的含量范围在0.2~79.1 ng/L,氧化乐果、甲胺磷、马拉硫磷、敌百虫、敌敌畏、乐果、甲基毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷等在研究海域占主要部分.对研究海域水体中有机磷农药的风险评价表明,莱州湾海域水体中的有机磷农药的含量与其他地区相比,污染水平居中,氧化乐果、甲胺磷、马拉硫磷、敌百虫、敌敌畏、乐果等农药对研究海域的生态环境安全已经构成了一定的威胁,应加强该地区该类农药的施用管理. 相似文献
232.
Fabrice Vinatier Françoise LescourretPierre-François Duyck Philippe Tixier 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2012,146(1):52-59
The development of alternative pest-control strategies based on the spatial design of cropping systems requires a thorough understanding of the spatial links between the pest and its environment. Mechanistic models, especially individual-based models (IBMs), are powerful tools for integrating key behaviours, such as habitat selection and dispersal, with spatial heterogeneity. In this paper, we used an IBM calibrated and evaluated from real data to represent the spatial dynamics of the banana weevil in relation to the cropping system. We considered crop fragmentation and mass trapping as tools for suppressing pest numbers. Our simulation results showed that manipulating crop residues in the area surrounding each pheromone trap greatly improved trap efficiency. For an intensive banana plantation in fallow, traps were most effective when situated at the transition zone between banana area and fallow so as to maximize the trapping of weevils escaping the fallow. The model also showed that weevil numbers decreased when fragmentation of banana plantations was reduced. 相似文献
233.
234.
Árpád Ambrus 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):435-442
Abstract A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits. 相似文献
235.
F.I.Y. Mostafa I.Y. Mostafa M.A.S. Aly Laila M. Afifi 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):1241-1251
Abstract Potato tubers were applied with radiolabelled lindane (U‐14C γ‐ 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexachlorocyclohexane) at three dose levels 30, 150, and 300 ppm and stored for 30, 60 and 90 days at room temperature. The data revealed that lindane penetrated into the pulp tissues through the epidermal layer. The amounts recovered in the peel were found to increase with a greater storage period up to 60 days followed by a drop at 90 days. On the other hand, there was a slight increase in radioactivity in the pulp tissue from 30 to 60 days followed by significant increase after 90 days. The incorporation of the compound in the tubers was dose independent. Methanol extraction showed binding of about 8.1% and 5.8% ofthe applied dose in peel and pulp tissues, respectively. The insecticide was found to be bioavailable when rats health hazard. It is therefore, desirable to demonstrate that the quantity of the terminal residues may be safe for the consumer. In the present investigation an attempt was made to determine the fate and bioavailability of lindane when applied to stored potato tubers. 相似文献
236.
A. Breccia E. Gattavecchia A.M. Di Pietra G. Albonetti 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):361-367
Abstract This communication describes the metabolic pathways of selenium containing compounds such as, sodium selenite (75Se), o‐methyl‐75Se‐cinnamic acid and 75Se‐1‐flavone, by the plant Brasaica Oleracea to elucidate their role in selenium flavonoid biosynthesis. 相似文献
237.
Nasri S. Kawar Shawky M. Dagher 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):199-210
Abstract Arak, the national alcoholic drink in Lebanon, was prepared from grapes to which either DDT or parathion had been added. Samples of the nine fractions produced from the fermentation and distillation steps were analyzed for DDT and parathion and their respective metabolites. DDT degraded to DDD during the fermentation step resulting in a sharp decrease in DDT level. The two distillation steps contributed to a further decrease in the DDT level so that the final product contained less than 2% of the amount found in the fresh grape juice. Although the concentration of DDD increased sharply during fermentation, it also decreased to a negligible level during the subsequent distillation procedure. Parathion was more stable than DDT during the fermentation and first distillation steps. However, the second distillation process caused a share decline in its level and the Arak contained only about 6% of the residues present in the fresh juice, paranitrophenol being the only metabolite detected. 相似文献
238.
George F. Antonious Eric T. Turley Regina R. Hill 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):313-323
The retention and behavior of two herbicides, metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-4, 5-dihydro-3-methylthio-1, 2, 4-triazin-5-one] and DCPA [1, 4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrachloro-, dimethyl] ester, in runoff and seepage water from agricultural fields were investigated. The objectives of this investigation were to: (i) determine the dissipation and half-life (T 1/2) of metribuzin and DCPA herbicides in soil under three management practices: chicken manure (CM), sewage sludge (SS), and no-mulch native soil (NM); (ii) monitor herbicides residues in runoff and infiltration water following addition of soil amendments; and (iii) determine the impact of soil amendments on the transport of NO3, NH4, and PO4 from soil into surface and subsurface water. Half-life (T 1/2) values of metribuzin were 24, 18, and 12 d in CM, SS, and NM treatments, respectively. Similarly, T 1/2 values of DCPA were greater in CM and SS incorporated soil (45.8 and 52.2 d, respectively) compared to NM native soil (26.2 d). Addition of CM and SS to native agricultural soil increased water infiltration, lowering runoff water volume and herbicide residues in runoff following natural rainfall events. We concluded that soil amendments could be used to intercept pesticide-contaminated runoff from agricultural fields. This practice might provide a potential solution to pesticide contamination of surface and seepage water from farmlands. 相似文献
239.
MICHAEL T. WAN JEN-NI KUO BRAD McPHERSON JOHN PASTERNAK 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):647-669
Transient and permanent farm ditches flowing to the Lower Fraser River tributary fish streams of British Columbia, Canada, were sampled at several locations in 2003–2004 to determine the occurrence and concentration of residues of selected pesticides, their transformation products, and soluble/extractable Cu++ ions. Of the 43 compounds analyzed, 28 and 22 pesticides were detected in transient farm ditch water and sediments, respectively. About 34% fewer pesticides, however, were found in both matrices of permanent farm ditches. Average concentrations (μ g L?1) of those most frequently detected in permanent farm ditch water were atrazine (0.20), α -chlordane (0.06), desethylatrazine (0.13), diazinon (0.55), dieldrin (0.28), endosulfan sulfate (0.16), glyphosate (6), metalaxyl (0.27); and soluble Cu++ ions (25). Those most often found in ditch sediments (μ g kg?1) were aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (2,300), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) (250), endosulfan sulfate (500), glyphosate (1,225); and extractable Cu++ ions (58,000). The risk potential of these pesticide residues to non-target aquatic organisms inhabiting Fraser River tributary fish streams contiguous to permanent farm ditches is evaluated and discussed. 相似文献
240.
Renato Baciocchi Ennio Carnevale Giulia Costa Renato Gavasci Lidia Lombardi Tommaso Olivieri Laura Zanchi Daniela Zingaretti 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(12):2694-2705
This work analyzes the performance of an innovative biogas upgrading method, Alkali absorption with Regeneration (AwR) that employs industrial residues and allows to permanently store the separated CO2. This process consists in a first stage in which CO2 is removed from the biogas by means of chemical absorption with KOH or NaOH solutions followed by a second stage in which the spent absorption solution is contacted with waste incineration Air Pollution Control (APC) residues. The latter reaction leads to the regeneration of the alkali reagent in the solution and to the precipitation of calcium carbonate and hence allows to reuse the regenerated solution in the absorption process and to permanently store the separated CO2 in solid form. In addition, the final solid product is characterized by an improved environmental behavior compared to the untreated residues. In this paper the results obtained by AwR tests carried out in purposely designed demonstrative units installed in a landfill site are presented and discussed with the aim of verifying the feasibility of this process at pilot-scale and of identifying the conditions that allow to achieve all of the goals targeted by the proposed treatment. Specifically, the CO2 removal efficiency achieved in the absorption stage, the yield of alkali regeneration and CO2 uptake resulting for the regeneration stage, as well as the leaching behavior of the solid product are analyzed as a function of the type and concentration of the alkali reagent employed for the absorption reaction. 相似文献