大气污染物总量控制方法的研究

污染物总量控制是目前我国广泛应用的一种控制区域环境质量达标的方法 ,在总量控制中 ,环境容量分配的科学化、合理化和各点浓度的合理值计算是至关重要的。本文就此做些研究 ,以确保实现从局部到区域的环境质量达标。     

常熟河网区水污染物总量控制研究

基于常熟河网原型调水实验和水功能区划，建立了感潮地区河网水量水质模型，对常熟河道水质降解系数及水环境容量进行了计算，并按照点源和面源对区域内污染源进行统计，在此基础上进行了常熟河网水污染物总量控制值和现状削减量的计算，为该地区的水污染防控提供了科学依据。     

区域污染物总量控制绩效评估技术及动态化管理建议与对策研究（二）

首次指出了物元分析隶属函数及运算模型在区域污染物总量控制动态化管理中的应用.研究成果是对扬州市的10年污染物总量控制系统性、宏观性的展开,丰富了区域污染物总量控制的理论体系,且进一步表明：该成果不仅为污染物总量控制进行动态化、规范化管理提供了科学的技术支撑,也为促进区域经济结构调整和增长方式的转变,实施循环经济的决策提供了保障.     

Optimizing the biodiversity gain from agri-environment schemes

How best to optimize the biodiversity gain from agri-environment schemes (AES) has recently been identified as a key policy-relevant question. Here, the effects of two features of lowland agricultural landscapes on the abundance and diversity of larger moths are contrasted. Although both features bring about positive effects, hedgerow trees have a larger impact than 6 m wide grassy field margins. Whilst AES payments are given to create and maintain grass margins, no financial reward is currently offered for the retention of hedgerow trees. Furthermore, it was only in areas where the amount of land under AES was experimentally increased, by targeting farmers, that the presence of hedgerow trees resulted in a substantially higher abundance (+60%) and diversity (+38%) of moths. Thus, by using larger moths as bio-indicators of landscape-scale quality, it is demonstrated that improvements to the cost-effectiveness of AES could be achieved, firstly, by providing more appropriate financial rewards to farmers for different landscape features, and secondly, through landscape-scale targeting of farmers to encourage participation in AES.     

好氧锥形流化床生物膜反应器启动与生物膜形成特征研究

对好氧锥形流化床膜生物反应器（A-TFBBR）的启动特征、生物膜行为、特征和结构进行了详细的探讨,并与相近启动条件下的传统柱状流化床生物膜反应器（A-CFBBR）的启动行为进行比较.结果表明,自然培养生物种源的方法与传统的以活性污泥做种源的方法相比节省了生物驯化和淘汰的时间,在短时间内就完成了生物反应器的启动（柱状床11 d,锥形床16 d）,而一般以活性污泥为种源则大都需要100～300 d的启动时间.另外,采用这种方法在A-TFBBR反应器和A-CFBBR反应器中获得的生物膜厚度分别仅为(32±1) μm 和(24±2) μm,低于大部分报道的生物膜厚度.2个生物反应器都表现出理想的COD去除能力,其中A-TFBBR反应器对COD的去除率高达95%以上,比A-CFBBR对COD的去除率平均高出15%.     

Does Wetland Location Matter When Managing Wetlands for Watershed‐Scale Flood and Drought Resilience?

Wetland protection and restoration strategies that are designed to promote hydrologic resilience do not incorporate the location of wetlands relative to the main stream network. This is primarily attributed to the lack of knowledge on the effects of wetland location on wetland hydrologic function (e.g., flood and drought mitigation). Here, we combined a watershed‐scale, surface–subsurface, fully distributed, physically based hydrologic model with historical, existing, and lost (drained) wetland maps in the Nose Creek watershed in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America to (1) estimate the hydrologic functions of lost wetlands and (2) estimate the hydrologic functions of wetlands located at different distances from the main stream network. Modeling results showed wetland loss altered streamflow, decreasing baseflow and increasing stream peakflow during the period of the precipitation events that led to major flooding in the watershed and downstream cities. In addition, we found that wetlands closer to the main stream network played a disproportionately important role in attenuating peakflow, while wetland location was not important for regulating baseflow. The findings of this study provide information for watershed managers that can help to prioritize wetland restoration efforts for flood or drought risk mitigation.     

沈阳市煤炭行业大气污染物排放调查及污染当量数核算

通过对沈阳市具有代表性的几家煤矿企业废气污染物排放状况的监测研究,由此核算该行业主要大气污染物产生量,各污染因子的污染当量数,并确定了生产单位产品时产生的废气排污费征收额度,为大气污染物排放总量的控制管理提供技术依据。     

废气排放量灰色建模新法初探

在研究和指出灰色建模常规方法理论缺陷的基础上,结合某化工厂废气排放预测实践,初步探讨和提出了将原始动态数据序列经过线性或指数变换,采用黄金分割法选取背景值的直接建模方法。初步研究表明,该方法较灰色建模常规方法在改善序列随机性、提高预测精度等方面,具有较明显的优越性和合理性,拓宽了GM(1,1)模型在环境科学领域中的应用范围。      

被动式DTA监测器的研制

被动式联苯－联苯醚的监测器以酸及硝化混合液处理过的玻璃棉为吸收介质,被动式吸收气体ＤＴＡ;并通过乙醚－丙酮比色,测定监测器所采集到的ＤＴＱ量,根据累积浓度与对应的采样量,建立它们之间的关系。所研究的监测器能准确测定１．５－２１ｍｇ．ｈ／ｍ＾３的ＤＴＡ,重复性好,变异系数小于１２％;且操作简单,具有良好的采样效率,变异系数小于５．５％,平均采样速度为１４１．１７ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ。     

广州地区能源结构与污染控制战略的思考

广州地区的能源结构以燃煤为主,针对广州的实际和未来的发展态势,为实现2000年全市二氧化硫排放总量控制在1994年的水平,就如何削减二氧化硫排放量提出其控制战略和防治措施,阐述了控制和削减二氧化硫基本政策要点总体方案思路。