我国聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂行业耗汞量削减方案研究

通过对1990-2002年我国PVC树脂总产量和乙炔法生产PVC树脂产量的统计分析,以及对耗汞情况的估算,预测了2004-2014年汞的消耗量,提出了降低k值法(降低PVC树脂单位产品的耗汞量)和降低R值法(降低乙炔法产量在PVC树脂总产量中所占比例)2种削减耗汞量的方案.结果表明:若采用降低k值法,使k值由0.20 kg/t降低到0.12 kg/t,可使耗汞量减少40%;若采用降低R值法,使R值每年减少10%或5%,则8～14年后PVC树脂行业可彻底实现无汞化.最后提出4点建议.      

Adsorption of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid/sulfuric acid from their solution by weakly basic resin: equilibrium

Experiments for single and bisolute competitive adsorption were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid(NSA) and sulfuric acid (H2 SO4 ) from their solution at 25 ℃ onto weakly basic resin D301R. Adsorption affinity of sulfuric acid on D301R was found to be much higher than that of NSA. The data of single-solute adsorption were fitted to the Langmuir model and the Freundlich adsorption model. The ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST) coupled with the single-solute adsorption models were used to predict the bisolute competitive adsorption equilibria. The IAST coupled with the Langmuir and the Freundlich model for sulfuric acid and NSA, respectively, yields the favorable representation of the bisolute competitive adsorption behavior.     

吸附邻氯酚的超高交联树脂微波辅助再生研究

以NDA-150超高交联树脂为吸附剂,邻氯酚为吸附质,氢氧化钠稀溶液为脱附剂,采用微波间歇辐照的方法,对吸附氯酚树脂的再生过程进行了研究.系统分析了微波功率、辐照时间、碱液浓度对脱附效果的影响,并确定了最佳脱附条件.结果表明,微波辐照再生速度非常快.与传统热脱附不同,微波再生过程中脱附效率并不随碱浓度的增加而升高,微波辐照功率和辐照时间对脱附效果影响明显.树脂经多批次微波辐照,吸附性能和化学结构保持稳定.     

吸附树脂在废水处理中的应用

介绍了吸附树脂在废水处理（重点介绍处理含酚废水、含酸废水、含磺胺废水）中的应用。吸附树脂法处理废水具有可深度净化、处理效率高、对有机物有浓缩分离的优点，效果明显，在实际中有较大应用前景，具有显著的环境效益和经济效益，在水处理领域必将得到更为深入的应用。     

阳极内添加阳离子交换树脂提升辊压“三合一”膜电极MFC性能

阳极-隔膜-阴极的"三合一"膜电极结构能够最大程度减小阴阳极间距,提高微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)的输出功率.为进一步提高MFC性能,本研究使用非贵金属材料构建了辊压"三合一"膜电极系统,其欧姆内阻降低至3~5Ω.以乙酸钠为底物,MFC的最高功率密度达到446 m W·m-2.向阳极内添加固体小球(如聚苯乙烯球和玻璃微球)可在辊压过程中增加阳极表面和内部的大孔,强化电解液向阴极的传递从而使MFC的功率密度提升10%.添加阳离子交换树脂能够进一步强化阳极内部的质子传递,提高阴极电位,从而将功率密度提升至543 m W·m-2.此外,阳极内添加阳离子交换树脂还可提高电池运行的稳定性和库仑效率.     

利用水生植物水花生制备高吸水性树脂

以水生植物水花生(Alternanthera philoxeroides,空心莲子草)和丙烯酸为接枝共聚原料,通过自由基反应制备高吸水性树脂,对接枝聚合物进行FTIR、SEM的结构表征,同时对影响吸水树脂性能的因素进行优化。当水花生干粉用量10 g时,优化条件如下:活化温度为35℃,丙烯酸单体与水花生干粉质量比为6:1,丙烯酸中和度为56%,引发剂过硫酸钾的用量为单体质量的1%,交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺用量为单体质量的0.075%,引发温度为65℃。在此优化条件下制备的吸水性树脂吸水性能最好,对去离子水吸水倍数达到442 g/g。     

基于RBI的碳五石油树脂装置风险评估分析

从技术特点、实施效用等方面,对QRA与RBI两类风险评估技术进行比较,选择使用RBI技术方法对碳五石油树脂装置内静设备及管道实施风险评估。运用挪威船级社的ORBIT Onshore软件定量计算评估范围内设备、管道风险值,评定风险等级,辨识隐患设备,然后从后果、可能性两方面分析产生风险的主要影响因素,经分析得知碳五石油树脂装置受H2S、HCl腐蚀减薄影响轻微,但NaOH导致的碱应力腐蚀对聚合反应后序工段中部分管道设备失效可能性影响较大。最后根据装置内存在的不同损伤机理提出检验优化策略,为装置定期检验工作提供科学的决策支持。     

环氧树脂生产废水常温常压下催化氧化处理方法研究

采用常温常压催化氧化工艺处理环氧树脂生产废水,通过实验发现,采用南京博环环保有限公司开发的负载型催化剂可以获得较好的效果.在常温常压,进水pH为3.5～5.5,氧化时间为0.5h的条件下,COD的去除率可达到85％.     

Synthesis of the starch grafting of superabsorbent and high oil-absorbing resin

The graft copolymerization of the starch and acrylic were used to prepare the superabsorbent, and the high oil-absorbing resin was also studied preliminarily. In addition, following the method of the emulsion polymerization, the cerium nitrate amine was regarded as the initiator, the acrylic amide and the methyl methacrylate functioned as the monomer. There are several significant parameters taken into consideration such as the factors that influence the performance of the superabsorbent and the high oil-absorbing resin, the dosage of the initiator amount, the ratio of the starch and the monomer and the dosage of crosslinking agent.     

Use of polymeric sub-micron ion-exchange resins for removal of lead, copper, zinc, and nickel from natural waters

This research investigated the removal capacity of polymeric sub-micron ion-exchange resins(SMR) for removal of lead, copper, zinc, and nickel from natural waters in competition with natural organic matter(NOM). Polymeric SMR particles were created and tested to ensure that they were adequately dispersed in the solution. They removed little NOM(10%or less) from river water and wastewater, indicating that competition from NOM was not a major concern. SMR were able to remove 82% ± 0.2% of lead, 46% ± 0.6% of copper, 55% ±20% of zinc, and 17% ± 2% of nickel from river water spiked with 500 μg/L of each. Similarly,in wastewater, they were able to remove 86% ± 0.1% of lead, 38% ± 0.8% of copper, 28% ± 1%of zinc, and 11% ± 1% of nickel.