XAD-8树脂分组的富里酸组分对菲光降解的影响机制初探

采用XAD-8树脂分组方法,将富里酸分为:pH4.8、pH7.0、pH11.0、水和乙醇组分,初步探讨富里酸不同组分对菲光降解的影响.结果表明:实验浓度范围内,浓度越高的富里酸组分对菲的光降解影响越大;不同组分也具有不同表现,表现在pH4.8、pH7.0组分中菲的光降解速率比水与乙醇组分中菲的光降解速率大;进一步采用分子探针手段分析显示,各组分诱导产生的单线态氧(~1O_2)和羟基自由基(·OH)对菲光降解均起到作用.从富里酸各组分的紫外吸收光谱、元素分析和傅里叶红外光谱表征可以看出,pH4.8、pH7.0组分相对于其他组分含有更多的羧基成分,含氧量更高,这两个组分在光解时能够产生更多的·OH与~1O_2,而这两种物质能促进菲的光降解.     

Reactions of model compounds of phenol resin in sub- and supercritical water under an argon atmosphere

Model compounds of phenol resin were reacted in sub- and supercritical water to clarify the mechanism of the decomposition reaction of plastics in water. Cleavage reaction of methylene bonds was confirmed in the reactions of model compounds of phenol resin such as bis(hydroxyphenyl)methanes in sub- and supercritical water under an Ar atmosphere, although the methylene bond was stable in thermal reactions. It was also confirmed that sub- and supercritical water played important roles not only as a stable solvent thermally, but also as a chemical reagent. Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 14, 2000     

超声波树脂联用法提取活性污泥中的胞外聚合物

考察了超声波树脂联用法提取活性污泥中胞外聚合物的影响因素,确定了最佳提取条件.试验结果表明,树脂量为60 g/g VSS,在摇床振摇强度250 r/min下处理4 h,再进行超声处理2 min,EPS提取量接近理论含量,即污泥干重的15%,与阳离子树脂法相比,EPS提取物中DNA的百分含量较低,即对细胞的破坏程度更小,说明超声波树脂联用法稳定、高效,是一种较佳的提取方法.     

吸附硝基苯酚的超高交联树脂微波辅助再生研究

以NDA-150超高交联树脂为吸附剂,邻硝基苯酚为吸附质,氢氧化钠稀溶液为脱附剂,采用微波间歇辐照脱附的方法,对吸附了邻硝基苯酚树脂的再生过程进行了研究。实验结果表明,采用多次、短时间微波辐照时,脱附体系温升速率随初始温度的不断升高而降低;利用这一特点对脱附体系进行辐照,可有效避免体系内“热点”现象的出现。邻硝基苯酚的脱附率随微波辐照时间的增加平缓上升,却随脱附剂浓度的增加而迅速上升,再生过程受脱附剂在树脂孔道内的扩散控制。树脂经多批次微波辐照,吸附性能和化学结构保持稳定。     

除铬优势菌胞外聚合物的提取过程优化

采用阳离子交换树脂法对除铬(Ⅵ)优势菌(Brevibacillussp.)株的胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取过程进行优化,以得到EPS的最佳提取条件。综合考察树脂量、振摇频率、提取时间3个主要因素对优势菌胞外聚合物的影响。结合阳离子交换树脂对EPS的交换吸附机理,对3个提取条件下,EPS及其成分的提取量的变化趋势进行分析。结果表明,菌株经28℃、150 r/min、24 h培养后,确定阳离子交换树脂法提取优势菌EPS的最佳条件为树脂量30 g,振摇频率140 r/min,提取时间9 h,此条件下的EPS提取量为40.84μg/mL。     

苯乙烯系双腈胺螯合树脂对水相中As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能研究

将PS-DCDA树脂用于水相中As(Ⅴ)的吸附净化处理,探讨了溶液的pH值、初始As(Ⅴ)质量浓度、接触时间、温度、NaCl、竞争性阴离子等因素对吸附性能的影响,并研究了其对As(Ⅴ)的吸附等温线、动力学和热力学。结果表明,NaCl和竞争性阴离子(Cl-、SO24-、CO23-、NO3-、HPO24-等)明显地抑制了PS-DCDA树脂对As(Ⅴ)的吸附。PS-DCDA树脂对As(Ⅴ)的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,准二级吸附动力学方程能够很好地描述As(Ⅴ)在树脂上的吸附动力学行为。粒子内扩散方程表明,表面吸附和内部扩散参与到As(Ⅴ)的吸附过程当中。PS-DCDA树脂对As(Ⅴ)的热力学参数表明,PS-DCDA树脂对As(Ⅴ)的吸附是自发的、吸热的过程。已吸附As(Ⅴ)的PS-DCDA树脂可以用0.1 mol/L NaOH有效解吸,解吸后的树脂对As(Ⅴ)仍具有较高的吸附量。     

树脂基防弹防刺材料的研究

本文通过不同芳纶织物与改性环氧树脂复合实验,优选出适用防弹防刺材料的增强体,并最终制备出防弹防刺材料。实验表明材料满足GA141-2010《警用防弹衣》、GA68-2008《警用防刺服》3级标准要求,且轻质、柔软、舒适,具有良好的市场前景。     

酸水汽提净化水中酚的治理技术研究

采用吸附法对酸水汽提净化水中的酚进行了处理。这种方法不仅可以满足对实验浓度酚的处理,同时可以回收酚。通过吸收过程及不同流速对比实验得出:树脂的吸附效果显著,吸附能力较强,吸附时间较长;净化水的流速与吸附效果具有一定的线性关系;不同流速吸附效果不同,对应树脂需要再生的时间也不同。应用结果表明:吸附法中较可行的方法为树脂吸附法。     

Converting Waste Polystyrene into Adsorbent: Potential Use in the Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution

Waste of polystyrene was converted into a cation exchange resin and was used for the removal of lead and cadmium metals from aqueous solution. Wastes consisting of coffee cups were crushed into small pieces and immersed into a solution of sulfuric acid in order to attach sulfonic group to polymer chain, these groups are responsible for the exchange properties of the modified plastic. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was determined and was comparable to commercial exchangers. The adsorption isotherms of resin with synthetic wastewater containing lead and cadmium ions were tested. Adsorption analysis results obtained at various concentrations showed that the adsorption pattern on the resin followed Langmuir isotherms.     

Biodiversity Conservation and Resource Tenure Regimes: A Case Study from Northeast Cambodia

The management of tropical protected areas is a contentious issue in resource management and often leads to an unproductive polarization of viewpoints supporting either protectionist or sustainable development paradigms. This paper argues for a context-driven approach whereby effective management requires inputs from both paradigms in different situations. A key element of context is understanding long-practiced resource tenures and their ability to meet future conservation and livelihood goals. Different types of tenure arrangements are often required for different resources. This approach is illustrated by analysis of Virachey National Park in NE Cambodia. This park encompasses part of the ancestral territory of ethnic Brao people, who rely upon swidden agriculture, fish, terrestrial wildlife, and various nontimber forest products (NTFPs) for their livelihoods. These people have developed a mix of resource tenure regimes to promote sustainable use and to maximize local benefits. In the face of contemporary pressures, some of these traditional approaches are effective, while others are not. The paper suggests avenues for building on long-established management practices of the Brao to achieve park management goals while enhancing the welfare of the Brao people. A mix of private ownership, common property management, and central government involvement may be required to maximize benefits to local people and ensure long-term protection of biodiversity.