页岩气开发废水污染控制技术与环境监管研究

水力压裂是页岩气开采的核心技术,但在开发过程中会产生大量的废水,其废水复杂,处理难度高、环境危害大。为此,利用重庆涪陵页岩区块的返排水调研结果,并借鉴美国页岩气开发废水的成功管理经验,分析整理了压裂返排液的水质特点、处理方式及技术,对回用技术、外排技术选择进行了推荐。结合中国现有环境监管体系,对页岩气返排废水的处置方法提出了监管对策,为中国页岩气大规模开发产生的返排废水管理提供参考。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化微囊藻毒素

以5%醋酸为提取剂从滇池有毒蓝藻中提取了微囊藻毒素,经磁力搅拌、离心、过滤后得到MCs粗提液. 此粗提液先后2次通过筛选后的大孔吸附树脂D101,用不同浓度的乙醇-水溶液洗脱后,获得纯度为82.6%、82.1%、62.5%的MC-RR、MC-YR和MC-LR.另外,条件实验结果表明,pH值＝3时,D101对MCs的吸附性能最佳.实验建立了一种安全、高效、低成本的分离纯化MCs的方法.     

Electro-assisted regeneration of ion exchange resins

Electro-assisted regeneration (EAR) for the mixed bed of strongly acidic cation and weakly basic anion exchange resins with the Al(OH)3 suspension in a three-compartment cell was investigated. The desalination experiments were carried out to evaluate the characteristic of the regenerated mixed resins. Experimental results showed that the efficiency of resin regeneration was strictly dependent on the voltage, regeneration time, and feed regenerant flow rate. The amount of the effluent reached 50 times the volume of the resins bed, and the conductivity was less than 1.0 μs/cm. Compared to the conventional ER, the total effluent volume of EAR was about 1000 mL more than that of ER under the same conditions, and the outlet conductivity was significantly lower. The desalination and regeneration reaction mechanisms of the mixed resins indicated the regeneration efficiency of resin with Al(OH)₃ as the regenerant was much higher than that with H₂O.     

Performance Evaluation of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants for Rural Water Supply in a Developing Country – A Case Study

Performance evaluation of two reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants (DSP) at villages: Melasirupodhu (30 m³ day^-1) and Sikkal (50 m³ day^-1) in Ramanathpuram district,Tamil Nadu (India) were studied so as to bring out the state-of-art of their operation and maintenance (O&M). Detailedinformation on plant design and engineering, water quality,plant personnel, and cost of O&M was collected for a period ofthree years after commissioning of the two plants. Feed waterwas brackish, the TDS varied in the range of 6500–8500 mg L^-1 at Melasirupodhu and 5300–7100 mg L^-1 atSikkal villages. The product water quality was observed to begradually deteriorating as the salt rejection by the membranesdecreased with time. The salt rejection was 97–99% atthe time of commissioning of the plants, and came down to89–90% at the end of 3 years of operation. Product water TDS soonafter installation of the plants was excellent and within desirable limits of BIS. After three years of operation, few parameters exceeded the desirable limits, however, they were found to be within permissible limits of BIS. The analyses of thedata showed that both plants were operated only at 30–36% of the design capacity. Plant shut-down due to inadequate and erratic power supply, and plant break-down and inherent delay in repairs due to lack of adequate infrastructure were found tobe the major causes for the low utilization of the plants. Consequently the recurring cost of product water production enhanced to Rs. 25.0/m³ at Melasirupodhu and Rs. 17.5 m^-3 at Sikkal, as against the estimated cost of Rs. 15.0/m³ and Rs. 11.0/m³, respectively, as per the design. Over the years, the energy consumption for the product water output increased reflecting higher operational pressures needed with the aging of the membranes.     

吸附邻氯酚的超高交联树脂微波辅助再生研究

以NDA-150超高交联树脂为吸附剂，邻氯酚为吸附质，氢氧化钠稀溶液为脱附剂，采用微波间歇辐照的方法，对吸附氯酚树脂的再生过程进行了研究。系统分析了微波功率、辐照时间、碱液浓度对脱附效果的影响，并确定了最佳脱附条件。结果表明，微波辐照再生速度非常快。与传统热脱附不同，微波再生过程中脱附效率并不随碱浓度的增加而升高，微波辐照功率和辐照时间对脱附效果影响明显。树脂经多批次微波辐照，吸附性能和化学结构保持稳定。     

大孔吸附树脂在有机废水处理中的应用的研究进展

对大孔吸附树脂的基本特点进行了描述，介绍了大孔吸附树脂对各种有机废水处理的概况，并展望了其应用前景。     

Polymer Supported Calix[4]Arene Derivatives for the Extraction of Metals and Dichromate Anions

Three newly synthesized polymer supported calix[4]arene ionophores (7–9) were synthesized, and their ion binding properties toward selected alkali (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺) and transition metal (Hg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺) cations were investigated. It has been observed that these ionophores are not selective toward a particular metal cation but show better ion binding property as compared to monomeric calixarene derivatives (2 and 6). Ionophore 6 and its supported polymer were also employed in dichromate anion extraction experiments. The polymeric ionophore (9) was found an effective extractant for dichromate anion even at pH 7.     

阳离子淀粉-双氰胺-甲醛絮凝剂的合成及其絮凝性能

以阳离子淀粉、双氰胺、甲醛为主要原料,以硫酸铝为催化剂,并引入添加剂合成了阳离子淀粉 双氰胺 甲醛脱色絮凝剂。探讨了阳离子淀粉用量、甲醛用量、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间及添加剂对阳离子淀粉 双氰胺 甲醛树脂混凝脱色性能的影响,并对印染废水进行了混凝脱色试验。实验结果发现,当双氰胺23 5g、阳离子淀粉5 6g、甲醛57 8g、硫酸铝4 8g、添加剂12 5g、反应温度(70±1)℃、反应时间为1 5小时。试验表明产品的混凝脱色性能良好,CODCr去除率≥91%,脱色率≥99%。并对制得的产品进行了絮凝性能试验,结果表明该产品具有良好的絮凝性能。     

树脂吸附法处理橡胶助剂含苯胺废水的效果研究

通过用H-103树脂对橡胶助剂含苯胺废水的处理方法进行实验,研究表明,以H-103树脂作为吸附剂,在苯胺的吸附和脱附过程中效果稳定,可有效地处理含苯胺废水,回收苯胺。     

手动单兵海水淡化器的制淡实验研究

文章采用DB-Ⅰ型手动单兵海水淡化器对实验室配制盐水与几种实际海水进行脱盐实验,结果表明:盐水的含盐量与温度是影响操作压力、淡水量及水质的主要因素。盐水的含盐量越大,操作压力就越大,淡水的含盐量也越高;盐水的温度越低,淡水的含盐量也越低,但操作压力反而越大。从盐水的含盐量与温度对淡水量的影响来看,含盐量1%～4%的只相差0.3%,10～35℃时约相差7%;通过膜法一级反渗透即可获取符合GB5749-2006标准的饮用水。