树脂及其复合材料在导弹中的失效机理

首先明晰了环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、氰酸酯树脂化学结构与性能之间的内在关系,详细总结了上述树脂及其复合材料在飞行器中的应用情况、存在的主要问题以及改进方向。结合实际应用场景,基于自由基反应机理和扩散理论,重点阐述了环境条件（如温度、湿度、氧气含量、光照）等因素对材料老化以及性能退化的影响机制。从材料的化学结构和物理性能2个层面,结合仪器表征和分子模拟,全面介绍了导弹用复合材料失效的检测与评价方法以及各自优缺点。最后,展望了导弹用树脂及其复合材料性能改进的主要方法、失效机理的有效研究手段。     

铁屑微电解法预处理环氧树脂废水的研究

采用铁屑微电解法预处理环氧树脂废水,试验结果表明:经微电解处理后的废水,COD和色度的去除率分别达到52%和80 %,BOD5/COD从0.18提高到0.45,废水的可生化性得到显著提高.通过正交试验考察pH、反应时间、铁屑用量及反应温度对处理效果的影响,并对各因素做单因素影响试验,确定了最佳工艺条件.     

Legal measures to reduce marine environmental risks of seawater desalination in China

Seawater desalination has become the focus of many countries to solve the problem of lacking freshwater resources. Seawater desalination in China launched in the 1960s and has developed rapidly since entering into the 21st Century. However, the technology of seawater desalination causes marine environmental pollution. After exploring the regulatory framework and legal system of reducing environmental risks of seawater desalination in China, it can be found that the existing regulatory framework and legal system have played a positive role in the treatment of seawater desalination, but it is undeniable that there are still many problems. How to effectively prevent or reduce the marine environment risks caused by seawater desalination and improve the existing regulatory framework and legal system in China are discussed. Specifically, in addition to further improve the Marine Environmental Protection Law, China shall integrate seawater desalination into unified regulation of marine resources, clarify statutory functions of various regulatory departments, improve the coordination mechanism, and promote marine environment and ecology protection by institutional construction.     

脂肪磺酸基阳离子交换树脂对Cr~(3+)的吸附和解吸性能

研究了脂肪磺酸基阳离子交换树脂(简称树脂)对Cr3+的吸附和解吸性能。在溶液初始Cr3+质量浓度为250mg/L、吸附温度为25℃、溶液pH为5的条件下,树脂对Cr3+的吸附量最大。Cr3+质量浓度在实验范围内,等温吸附过程均符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,最大吸附量为18.6208mg/g。树脂对Cr3+的吸附在吸附时间为180min时趋于平衡,且吸附为液膜扩散控制。随吸附温度的升高(10～55℃),树脂对Cr3+的吸附量略有增加。用质量分数为5%的HCl溶液可将吸附在树脂上的Cr3+解吸,解吸率近100%,且重复5次吸附和解吸过程,树脂对Cr3+的吸附量基本保持不变。     

火电厂离子交换树脂再生废水处理及减排

针对火电厂离子交换树脂再生废水中和处理过程中遇到的问题,探讨影响中和处理的因素,并提出减少火电厂离子交换树脂再生废水排放的措施.     

含预交联剂高吸油树脂的合成和性能

提出在合成高吸油树脂时 ,用预交联剂取代现有的化学交联剂的设想 ,树脂成形后再利用热交联的方法使其具有三维网状结构。研究和讨论了预交联剂的种类、含量对高吸油树脂吸油性能的影响 ,结果表明 ,丙烯酸羟乙酯可取得较理想的效果 ,树脂的吸油和保油性能均较好。     

桦木硫酸盐木素的改性及树脂的合成研究

本文对桦木硫酸盐木素的改性及其在酚醛树脂中的应用进行了研究。结果发现,利用单因素法对木素硫改性进行分析时,其最佳条件为：硫用量５％,碱用量４％,最高温度２６０℃,保温时间１５ｍｉｎ。改性后木素甲氧基含量由原来的１８．８１％变为１１．８４％。利用改性及未改性木素取代苯酚合成木素酚醛树脂时,当两种木素分别取代６０％的苯酚,使用桦木为单板时,基胶合强度虽然低于同样条件下酚醛树脂在胶合强度,但仍能达到国标     

治理酚醛树脂生产废水的试验

试验采用酚醛缩聚－二段生物氧化法处理酚醛树脂生产废水。经缩聚处理可以去除90％的挥发酚、70％－80％CODcr,回收树脂0．036－0．04t/t废水。生化段进水CODcr1400-3000mg／L,T25－28℃,微生物量2．5－3．0g／L,DO2．0－4．0mg／L,HRT≥23h,CODcr去除率≥95％、挥发酚去除率≥98％。在试验条件下,该工艺抗负荷冲击能力量,能稳定地去除废水中的CODcr和挥发酚。     

Monitoring of Distribution Water Qualities Under Various Source Water Blending

The main goal of this large-scale pilot distribution study was to systematically investigate the impacts of blending different source waters on distribution water qualities. The principal source waters investigated were conventionally treated ground water (G1), surface water processed by enhanced treatment (S1), and desalted seawater by reverse osmosis membranes (RO). Due to the nature of raw water quality and associated treatment processes, G1 water had high alkalinity, while S1 and RO sources were characterized as high sulfate and high chloride waters, respectively. One year of pilot pipe study demonstrated that water quality was significantly deteriorated by increased color when source water blends with characteristics different from historic groundwater were introduced to pipe distribution systems. Elevated color was associated with release of iron corrosion products, mainly from aged unlined cast iron pipes. Iron release increased significantly when exposed to RO and S1 waters: that is, the greater iron release was experienced with alkalinity reduced below the background of G1 water. Lead and copper release to water, on the other hand, enhanced with the application of RO and G1 waters, respectively.     

树脂吸附法处理氯霉素中间体DL-氨基物合成废水

研究了树脂吸附法处理氯霉素生产中产生的DL 1 对硝基苯基 2 氨基 1 ,3 丙二醇 (DL 氨基物 )碱解废水的工艺。结果表明 ,NG 1 0 0超高交联吸附树脂对废水中DL 氨基物具有较好的吸附性能。在试验条件下 ,废水CODCr为 72 0 0mg/L ,DL 氨基物含量为 2 86 5mg/L ,批处理 1 7BV时 ,平均出水CODCr降至 89 3mg/L ,CODCr去除率 >98% ;出水中DL 氨基物未检出 ,去除率近 1 0 0 %。树脂经稀酸脱附处理后 ,再生性能良好 ,高浓脱附液可直接回用于氯霉素生产酸性水解工艺中 ,使回收物得到有效利用