NDA-105树脂对对苯二甲酸生产废水中锰的吸附

使用NDA-105大孔树脂对对苯二甲酸生产废水中锰的吸附进行研究,结果表明,当pH值为5、流量为10BV(床体积)·h-1、温度为25℃时,NDA-105树脂对废水中锰离子的吸附效果最好、对锰离子的交换容量为0.5mmol·g-1、对浓度为15mg·l-1锰离子的吸附体积为1000BV,使用2BV 10%硫酸 2BV水作为洗脱剂、温度为80℃、洗脱剂流量为2BV·h-1,累积脱附率达到99%以上.     

固定化微生物强化处理对甲苯胺模拟废水的研究

采用新型固定化载体大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物强化SBR处理对甲苯胺模拟废水,与对照组相比,通过投加大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物可以有效提高反应器的处理效率.在进水TOC浓度为434.8 mg/L,对甲苯胺浓度为326.9 mg/L的条件下,强化组可在100 min左右将TOC和对甲苯胺基本去除完全,去除率在99%以上.对照组则需要300min才能达到相近的去除效果.强化组对氨氮同样具有较好的硝化效果,出水氨氮浓度在10 mg/L以下.     

树脂吸附—Fenton氧化法处理精对苯二甲酸废水

采用树脂吸附-Fenton加氧化法处理精对苯二甲酸（PTA）废水,考察了树脂吸附及Fenton氧化的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,采用NDA-88吸附树脂,在室温、吸附流速2BV／h条件下,每批次处理量为28BV,COD去除率为80％左右;采用Fenton试剂进一步氧化处理,在废水pH为3、质量分数30％的8202加入量为1．2％（体积分数）、H2O2与Fe^2＋摩尔比为3：1、反应温度为40℃、反应时间为4h条件下,出水COD为72mg／L,COD去除率为87％,可达到国家一级排放标准。     

用废聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制备对苯型不饱和聚酯树脂

用废聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制备对苯型不饱和聚酯树脂。考察了醇解时间对醇解产物、聚合温度对反应产物的影响。该方法的主要工艺参数为：废PET：PG(摩尔比)等于1：1．5,废PET：MA(摩尔比)等于1：1,醇解温度190～200℃,醇解时间3．5～4h,聚合温度190～210℃,聚合反应时间1．5～2h。试验所得对苯型不饱和聚酯树脂产品的性能符合企业通用型不饱和聚酯树脂的标准。     

新型阳离子絮凝剂KD-1在活性印染废水处理中的应用研究

以双氰胺、甲醛为主要原料,以硫酸铝为催化剂并引入添加剂合成了新型阳离子絮凝剂双氰胺甲醛树脂(KD1)。报道了用KD1对以活性染料为主要成分的印染废水进行混凝脱色试验。结果表明,用KD1处理以活性染料为主要成分的印染废水,其CODCr去除率≥80%,脱色率≥98%。该絮凝剂对降低废水中的化学需氧量和色度方面具有显著的效果。     

Assessment of Treatment Alternatives for Laboratory COD Wastewater: a Practical Comparison with Emphasis on Cost and Performance

This study focused on investigation of treatment alternativesfor COD wastewater from academic laboratories, using a number oftechnologies including chemical reduction/precipitation, ion exchange and adsorption by chitosan. Results showed that highconcentrations of 375 mg l^-1 chromium, 1,740 mg l^-1mercury and 993 mg l^-1 silver in COD wastewater can be reduced to 2.34 mg l^-1, 3.65 mg l^-1 and 1.89 mg l^-1 respectively, by the chemical reduction/precipitationprocess. Results from ion exchange at a flowrate of 20 ml min^-1 showed breakthrough effluent concentrations obtainedat 0.59 mg l^-1 chromium, 3.92 g l^-1 mercury and 0.65 mg l^-1 silver corresponding to 75.6 l at 63 hr, 40.8 l at 34 hr and 33.6 l at 28 hr respectively. Kinetic and isotherm studies revealed that chitosan can adsorb Cr⁶⁺, Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ ions most effectively at a flowrate of 20 ml min^-1 and the optimum pH for feed solution is 4. Chitosan column experiments indicated that average effluent concentrations at breakthrough point for chromium, mercury andsilver are 0.76 mg l^-1, 6.04 mg l^-1 and 0.51 mg l^-1 respectively with throughput volumes and retention times of 120 l at 100 hr, 60 l at 50 hr and 48 l at 40 hr. Results of solidification experiments for chemical sludge and residual chitosan based on compressive strength and metal leachabilitytests showed, that the acceptable ranges of the solidificationparameters were: sludge/cement = 0.1–1.0 (weight/weight), water/cement = 0.5–0.6 (weight/weight) and sand/cement = 0.5–3.0 (weight/weight). Operating cost per litre of COD wastewater treated, based on the current prices in Thailand wasfound to be Baht 19.95 for the chemical reduction/precipitationprocess, Baht 96.35 for ion exchange treatment and Baht 18.29 forchitosan adsorption.     

T300/QY8911复合材料湿热行为的研究

目的为保证复合材料结构的完整性和使用安全,对树脂基复合材料的湿热行为、湿热环境下的宏观力学性能和物理行为进行研究。方法采用加速老化法,在高温下对T300/QY8911复合材料进行湿热老化行为的研究。借助动态力学热分析(DMTA)、力学性能测试研究湿热条件下的玻璃化转变温度和力学性能的变化规律。结果 T300/QY8911复合材料吸湿率的变化在湿热处理初期符合Fick第二定律,T300/QY8911复合材料的玻璃化转变温度均随着复合材料吸湿率的增加呈下降趋势,在饱和吸湿条件下tanδ峰对应的θg值具有较大的下降幅度,复合材料的拉伸强度和压缩强度均随着湿热处理时间的增加而出现下降,湿热处理条件对复合材料拉伸断裂宏观形貌的影响比较明显,而对复合材料压缩断裂宏观形貌的影响较小。结论 T300/QY8911复合材料在432 h到达饱和吸湿,饱和吸湿率为1.34%,水分子在复合材料中的扩散系数为7.38×10-5 mm2/s,吸湿速率为1.29×10-2 s-1,饱和吸湿条件下T300/QY8911复合材料的θg下降了59.2℃。T300/QY8911复合材料拉伸强度的下降幅度为16.2%,压缩强度的下降幅度为0.6%。     

梯度化环氧涂层的制备与结构研究

目的提高环氧涂层的耐候性能,简化多层涂层体系的施工工艺。方法以氨基官能团硅树脂和聚酰胺为固化剂,共同固化环氧树脂,利用硅树脂中聚硅氧烷链段的表面迁移特性,制备得到一种聚硅氧烷/环氧梯度化层,探讨制备过程中硅树脂的用量和所用溶剂对涂层组成和结构的影响规律,采用扫描电镜-X射线能谱(SEM-EDS)、红外光谱(FTIR)、水接触角等方法对涂层结构进行表征。结果选用氨基官能团硅树脂与聚酰胺质量配比为2:8、二甲苯和正丁醇质量配比为1:1作为溶剂,得到的复合涂层表面富集聚硅氧烷链,同时底面含大量聚酰胺链段,具有链段分布的梯度化的结构。该梯度化清漆涂层经960 h盐雾老化后,无起泡、开裂、锈蚀等现象发生,具有优良防腐性能;经960 h人工加速紫外老化,失光率与色差仅为1%和8.9%,耐候性能优于常规环氧涂层。结论通过氨基官能团硅树脂和聚酰胺共固化,使环氧涂层表面富集聚硅氧烷链段,形成梯度化结构,具有耐候、防腐一体化的功能。     

ECONOMIC DECISION MAKING IN THE USE OF MEMBRANE DESALINATION FOR BRACKISH SUPPLIES1

ABSTRACT: An analysis is undertaken to determine the conditions under which membrane desalination becomes an economically preferable alternative for treating brackish water supplies. While membrane desalination is more expensive than conventional treatment, it affords benefits beyond those of conventional processes by reducing salinity related damages. An important and largely unexplored issue regards how the added cost of desalination compares to its benefits in terms of damages avoided. A comparative analysis is undertaken over a range of scenarios with the objective of identifying the treatment technology the leads to the lowest “total economic cost,” a term described by the sum of costs related to supply, treatment, and salinity related damages. Using data from a representative region, desalination yields the lowest total economic cost for source waters that exceed “threshold” salinity concentrations below 1,000 mg/l total dissolved solids (TDS). In instances where standard conventional processes require upgrades to maintain compliance with pending regulations (e.g., disinfection byproducts), the cost gap between membrane and conventional processes is reduced and the threshold concentration lowered. Given the inherent uncertainty in both treatment cost and damage estimates, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine which factors have the greatest impact on the treatment decision. Results suggest that considering salinity related damages when selecting a treatment technology makes membrane desalination of brackish waters economically attractive under a wider range of circumstances.     

用酚渣油制备酚渣油树脂

用酚渣油为原料，模拟酚醛树脂合成方法，对酚渣油的催化交联、松香改性等化学过程进行了研究，合成出性能良好、可用于制备涂料与胶粘剂的酚渣油树脂。试验结果表明，依照该工艺生产的酚渣油树脂，其主要技术指标达到制备涂料用酚醛树脂的标准，用酚渣油制备的涂料和胶粘剂的性能优于酚醛树脂。