农地流转对农地与劳动力资源利用效率的影响——基于甘肃省农户调查数据的实证研究

本研究采用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）分别就农地流转对农地、农业劳动力、非农劳动力和总劳动力资源利用效率的影响进行了分析。结果表明,农户的农地转入和转出行为都能有效提高总劳动力资源利用效率,而农地转出行为在一定程度上降低了农地资源利用效率。农地转入户的总劳动力和农业劳动力资源利用效率比未参与流转的农户分别高2026.153元/人和4844.289元/人,两组农户间的农地资源利用效率差异不显著;农地转出户的总劳动力和非农劳动力资源利用效率比未参与流转的农户分别高3315.577元/人和2581.883元/人,其农地资源利用效率比未参与流转的农户低466.488元/亩。因此,农地流转不一定会提高农地资源利用效率,但有利于促进农村劳动力专业化,从而提高农村总劳动力资源利用效率。     

生物炭技术缓解我国温室效应潜力初步评估

热解制备的生物炭在实现了将植物吸收的大气CO2封存在土壤中的同时,还将产生多重农业生产效应.在调查我国农林废弃物资源可利用潜力的基础上,利用生命周期评价(life cycle assessment,LCA)方法对热解生物炭技术在缓解温室效应方面的潜力进行了初步评估.研究表明,我国每年可供生物炭生产的农林生物质资源总量为6.04×108t;温室效应净潜力(以CO2e计,CO2e为CO2当量)为5.32×108t,相当于每t原料可封存0.88 t.在整个温室效应潜力中,贡献最大的是大气CO2以生物炭形式在土壤中的封存,约为73.94%,其次是副产物可更新能源生产所产生的温室效应潜力,占总潜力的23.85%.由此可见,以农林废弃生物质资源为原料热解制备生物炭的技术对于缓解我国严峻的温室气体排放压力具有巨大的潜力.     

基于DEA- Benchmarking模型的资源开采企业绩效评价与发展研究

通过固定资产净额等4个输入指标和净利润等3个输出指标,利用DEA方法对全国19家上市资源开采企业的绩效水平进行测度,同时利用Benchmarkirg方法在众多企业中找到标杆企业和待改进企业.待改进企业通过向标杆企业学习得到不断发展,从而促进行业的整体效率的提高.     

可持续发展视角下的资源环境承载力——内涵、特点与功能

我国明确提出可持续发展战略,并开始逐步实施.同时,我国已经提出了科学发展观与和谐社会的理念,这些政策与方针的提出就是力图实现在资源环境承载力约束条件下的最优发展.因此,首先应在理论上正确认识经济可持续增长的资源环境承载力问题,从内涵、特征与功能等方面对资源环境承载力进行系统梳理.这是实现资源环境承载力承载范围内最佳经济增长的前提条件,是正确制定和实施可持续发展战略的理论基础.     

西藏红景天植物的生态分布调查与资源的合理保护

红景天属植物是一类具有重要药用价值的经济植物.根据相关历史资料和对西藏地区红景天属植物的野外调查与记录,已知西藏红景天属植物有36个种2个亚种.作为红景天属植物的现代分布中心,青藏高原上的红景天植物种类多、分布广、蕴藏量大.在生态习性方面,红景天表现为适应性强、喜光照,但只有在具备适宜的小生境时才能生长.适宜的小生境有林下、灌丛边缘、高山草甸和高山流石滩等,阳坡环境更有利于红景天属植物的生长,其种类与数量较多.红景天植物资源较脆弱,合理采挖与保护才有利于可持续利用.     

农业资源开发产业四维旋度循环经济发展模式研究—一以黑龙江省为例

为了定性分析农业资源开发产业,基于循环经济模式的发展方向,以黑龙江省为例,并以资源旋度场所带来的经济增加值为主要测度目标,建立以资源循环旋度、农业产业集群周期、旋度激励政策激励与经济产值增量为自变因子的四维坐标体系,分析黑龙江省农业资源开发产业的循环经济发展模式.在忽略产生较大政策扭曲情况下,得出其升级路径具有类似圆锥螺旋线方程的爬升性质,且资源旋度为主要可控激励源.结合产业集群生命周期理论,给出关键升级节点的匹配政策建议.     

旅游资源多元价值提升的创意模式与路径研究

旅游资源具有多元价值,创意作为旅游资源价值转化与提升的实现途径之一,有着极其重要的意义.创意是旅游资源价值拓展和挖掘的重要手段,是旅游资源形成旅游产品的关键要素,也是旅游产品营销策划的核心和灵魂.总结了旅游资源价值提升的五种创意模式:推陈出新、古为今用、无中生有、他业旅用和复制迁移,并在此基础上提炼出了旅游资源价值提升的创意路径.     

Alaska’s Freshwater Resources: Issues Affecting Local and International Interests1

Alessa, Lilian, Mark Altaweel, Andrew Kliskey, Christopher Bone, William Schnabel, and Kalb Stevenson, 2011. Alaska’s Freshwater Resources: Issues Affecting Local and International Interests. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):143‐157. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00498.x Abstract: The State of Alaska faces a broad range of freshwater challenges including limited resource access in rural communities, increasing freshwater use, and a pressing need to better understand and prepare for climate‐driven change. Despite these significant issues, Alaska is relatively water‐rich and far more equipped to address its water resource concerns compared with other regions of the world. Globally, simultaneous and rapid water stresses have influenced and complicated conflicts and are motivating nations to develop markets and trade as one of the primary means to manage their needs for this resource. This paper presents these interacting issues in the context of Alaska’s relationship with a world undergoing significant social and ecological changes that affect freshwater supplies. We present the challenges faced by Alaska in the context of a larger global perspective, and briefly explore the relative effects these issues have on local, regional, and global scales. We present the argument that Alaska needs to develop more robust institutions and policies that can alleviate both household concerns and ensure that Alaska plays a significant role in the international freshwater arena for its long‐term resilience.     

应对重大灾害的轴辐式应急物资储备网络体系

分析了应对重大灾害的应急物资需求的特点和我国现有应急物资储备体系的现状和不足,基于轴辐网络优势,构建了轴辐式应急物资储备网络体系,分析了应急轴辐网络储备体系运行的四个阶段,同时提出了建立轴辐式应急物资储备网络相关具体措施建议,实现中央和地方应急储备库物资、各职能部门储备物资、军队物资、各社会团体储备物资、国内外捐助物资以及企业物资生产能力储备等专业应急物资储备和社会应急物资储备的有效整合,以有助于在较短时间内积聚大量应急物资,扩大应急物资的服务辐射范围,提高应急物资调度效率,以有效应对各类重大灾害。     

The potential contribution of sustainable waste management to energy use and greenhouse gas emission reduction in the Netherlands

Future limitations on the availability of selected resources stress the need for increased material efficiency. In addition, in a climate-constrained world the impact of resource use on greenhouse gas emissions should be minimized. Waste management is key to achieve sustainable resource management. Ways to use resources more efficiently include prevention of waste, reuse of products and materials, and recycling of materials, while incineration and anaerobic digestion may recover part of the embodied energy of materials. This study used iWaste, a simulation model, to investigate the extent to which savings in energy consumption and CO₂ emissions can be achieved in the Netherlands through recycling of waste streams versus waste incineration, and to assess the extent to which this potential is reflected in the LAP2 (currently initiated policy). Three waste streams (i.e. household waste, bulky household waste, and construction and demolition waste) and three scenarios compare current policy to scenarios that focus on high-quality recycling (Recycling+) or incineration with increased efficiency (Incineration+). The results show that aiming for more and high-quality recycling can result in emission reductions of 2.3 MtCO₂ annually in the Netherlands compared to the reference situation in 2008. The main contributors to this reduction potential are found in optimizing the recycling of plastics (PET, PE and PP), textiles, paper, and organic waste. A scenario assuming a higher energy conversion efficiency of the incinerator treating the residual waste stream, achieves an emission reduction equivalent to only one third (0.7 MtCO₂/year) of the reduction achieved in the Recycling+ scenario. Furthermore, the results of the study show that currently initiated policy only partially realizes the full potential identified. A focus on highest quality use of recovered materials is essential to realize the full potential energy and CO₂ emission reduction identified for the Netherlands. Detailed economic and technical analyses of high quality recycling are recommended to further evaluate viable integrated waste management policies.