Role of competition in phytoplankton population for the occurrence and control of plankton bloom in the presence of environmental fluctuations

Termination of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and coexistence of phytoplankton–zooplankton populations are of great importance to human health, ecosystem, environment, tourism and fisheries. In this paper, we propose a three component model consisting of non-toxic phytoplankton (NTP), toxin producing phytoplankton (TPP) and zooplankton (Z). The growth of zooplankton species is assume to reduce due to toxic chemicals released by TPP population. We have extended the model proposed by Chattopadhyay et al. [Chattopadhyay, J., Sarkar, R.R., Pal, S., 2004. Mathematical modelling of harmful algal blooms supported by experimental findings. Ecol. Comp. 1, 225–235] by including competition terms between TPP and NTP. We observe the effect of competition factors both in the presence and absence of the environmental fluctuation. From our field as well as model analysis we observe that competition helps in the coexistence of the species, but if the effect of competition is very high on the TPP population, it results in planktonic bloom. It is shown that the coexistence equilibrium loses its stability when the competition coefficient crosses a critical value and resulting Hopf-bifurcation around the positive equilibrium depicting oscillations phenomena of the populations.     

Confidence limits on one-stage model parameters in benchmark risk assessment

In modern environmental risk analysis, inferences are often desired on those low dose levels at which a fixed benchmark risk is achieved. In this paper, we study the use of confidence limits on parameters from a simple one-stage model of risk historically popular in benchmark analysis with quantal data. Based on these confidence bounds, we present methods for deriving upper confidence limits on extra risk and lower bounds on the benchmark dose. The methods are seen to extend automatically to the case where simultaneous inferences are desired at multiple doses. Monte Carlo evaluations explore characteristics of the parameter estimates and the confidence limits under this setting.

响应面法优化低频超声协同H2O2降解偶氮染料酸性绿B

以酸性绿B染料废水为研究对象,在单因素试验的基础上,选择染料废水初始pH和H₂O₂投加量及超声功率为自变量,以酸性绿B降解率为响应值,采用响应面分析法研究各自变量及其交互作用对酸性绿B超声降解的影响,并通过回归方程求解和响应曲面分析,得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型. 结果表明,染料废水初始pH和H₂O₂投加量及超声功率与染料降解率存在显著的相关性. 确定酸性绿B废水超声降解优化条件:初始ρ(酸性绿B)为100 mg/L,初始pH和超声功率分别为4.43和216 W,H₂O₂投加量为1.77 mL. 在该优化条件下,酸性绿B的降解率可达93.34%.经试验验证,实际值与模型预测值拟合性良好,偏差仅为3.48%.      

Zn,Cu和Ni污染土壤中重金属的化学固定

利用化学固定剂处理被污泥中Zn,Cu和Ni污染的土壤,研究不同化学药剂对重金属离子的固定技术.结果表明,石灰、硫化物和硅酸盐对Zn都有较好的稳定效果,硫化物对Cu的稳定效果较好,硅酸盐和石灰对Ni的稳定效果较好;对于被Zn,Cu和Ni污染的土壤,混合药剂对重金属污染物的固定效果最佳.研究表明通过调解系统的pH和生成稳定化合物形态使土壤中Zn,Cu和Ni得以固定.通过硫化物 石灰化学固定处理,固定前后Zn,Cu和Ni的不稳定形态含量分别减少了69%,56%和59%.     

工业锅炉除尘脱硫废水回用技术及设备的开发

针对工业锅炉除尘脱硫废水设计一套工业化的处理设备,并对其实际的处理性能进行考察和评价。该设备由网格絮凝+复合流沉淀+浅滤层过滤三个单元组成,设备构造合理,系统性能协调。设备正常运行时处理出水浑浊度平均值<10度,最大值<15度,出水浑浊度波动系数为1.8,浑浊度极差10.5度,水质稳定,满足回用水质要求。     

有机着色铝合金阳极氧化膜耐光性快速评价方法

为了建立一种快速评价有机染料着色的铝合金阳极氧化膜耐光性的方法,用于工厂生产工艺质量控制,对比研究了阳极氧化膜实验室光老化试验和户外暴露试验的颜色变化结果．建立了综合色差和试验时间的线性回归方程．并利用付利叶红外光谱仪证实氧化膜内有机染料在实验室光老化和户外暴露试验中的变化机理是一致的．该光老化试验方法能很好地模拟氧化膜在户外暴露的变色行为。     

气体悬浮吸收干法脱硫工艺

论述气体悬浮吸收（GSA）干法脱硫工艺过程、原理及特点,对该工艺在国内外实际工程中的应用作了介绍。     

注水残渣固化修路技术研究

针对注水残渣含碱量大,盐、油及其它杂质含量高,处理困难等特点,研究出注水残渣固化修路工艺技术。注水残渣固化后,既消除了污染源,保护了周围环境的土壤及地下水资源,又减少了土地占用面积,从而取得了显著的经济效益。     

NATURAL RESTABILIZATION OF STREAM CHANNELS IN URBAN WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: Stream channels are known to change their form as a result of watershed urbanization, but do they restabilize under subsequent conditions of constant urban land use? Streams in seven developed and developing watersheds (drainage areas 5–35 km²) in the Puget Sound lowlands were evaluated for their channel stability and degree of urbanization, using field and historical data. Protocols for determining channel stability by visual assessment, calculated bed mobility at bankfull flows, and resurveyed cross‐sections were compared and yielded nearly identical results. We found that channel restabilization generally does occur within one or two decades of constant watershed land use, but it is not universal. When (or if) an individual stream will restabilize depends on specific hydrologic and geomorphic characteristics of the channel and its watershed; observed stability is not well predicted by simply the magnitude of urban development or the rate of ongoing land‐use change. The tendency for channel restabilization suggests that management efforts focused primarily on maintaining stability, particularly in a still‐urbanizing watershed, may not always be necessary. Yet physical stability alone is not a sufficient condition for a biologically healthy stream, and additional rehabilitation measures will almost certainly be required to restore biological conditions in urban systems.     

汽车排气污染问题的探讨

本文主要研究了汽车排气对城市造成的污染危害，在对本市汽车保有量发展趋势现状调查的基础上，探讨了汽车排气污染问题的主要污染源和主要污染成分，以及汽车污染控制各个阶段的控制技术