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831.
风荷载是影响高层建筑安全性的重要因素之一,而不同的风环境会对高层建筑的风致响应存在不同程度的影响,基于此背景,本文通过高层建筑多自由度气动弹性模型风洞试验,获得了结构原始加速度时程曲线,采用随机减量法对其气动阻尼进行识别,分析了风场类型对高层建筑气动阻尼比和风致加速度响应的影响。结果表明:横风向气动阻尼比随折减风速的变化起伏较大,顺风向气动阻尼比随折减风速的增大而增大;折减风速小于特定值时,地貌类型对气动阻尼影响较小;随着风场类型从A类变化为D类,结构横、顺风向的气动阻尼比的变化趋势趋于平缓,气动阻尼比的正峰值减小,正峰值风速增大。高层建筑横风向的加速度响应大于顺风向;风场类型从A类变化为D类的过程中,横、顺风向的加速度响应均减小。风向角对气动阻尼比和加速度响应均存在较明显的影响。 相似文献
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Jing Feng HeeSun Choi Fergus I. M. Craik Brian Levine Sylvain Moreno Gary Naglie 《Traffic injury prevention》2018,19(2):141-146
Objectives: The majority of existing investigations on attention, aging, and driving have focused on the negative impacts of age-related declines in attention on hazard detection and driver performance. However, driving skills and behavioral compensation may accommodate for the negative effects that age-related attentional decline places on driving performance. In this study, we examined an important question that had been largely neglected in the literature linking attention, aging, and driving: can top-down factors such as behavioral compensation, specifically adaptive response criteria, accommodate the negative impacts from age-related attention declines on hazard detection during driving?Methods: In the experiment, we used the Drive Aware Task, a task combining the driving context with well-controlled laboratory procedures measuring attention. We compared younger (n = 16, age 21–30) and older (n = 21, age 65–79) drivers on their attentional processing of hazards in driving scenes, indexed by percentage of correct responses and reaction time of hazard detection, as well as sensitivity and response criteria using signal detection analysis.Results: Older drivers, in general, were less accurate and slower on the task than younger drivers. However, results from this experiment revealed that older, but not younger, drivers adapted their response criteria when the traffic condition changed in the driving scenes. When there was more traffic in the driving scene, older drivers became more liberal in their responses, meaning that they were more likely to report that a driving hazard was detected.Conclusions: Older drivers adopt compensatory strategies for hazard detection during driving. Our findings showed that, in the driving context, even at an older age our attentional functions are still adaptive according to environmental conditions. This leads to considerations on potential training methods to promote adaptive strategies that may help older drivers maintain performance in road hazard detection. 相似文献
834.
In this study, the strong boiling process of a superheated liquid induced by pressure relief at the top of a vertical vessel was experimentally investigated. Through monitoring the response of the pressure at the top of the vessel and the full field morphology of the two-phase flow, the correlations between the pressure rise and the two-phase flow as well as the trend of the characteristic pressure values under different discharge areas and filling rates were analyzed. The results indicated that the expansion of the mist-like two-phase flow, which was generated due to the strong boiling and bubble collapse, was the direct reason for the two pressure rebounds at the top of the vessel. And under the effect of the intermittent expansion of the two-phase flow, the pressure rising rate in the second rebound stage fluctuated. When the discharge area changed, the characteristic pressure values presented different relativeness under different filling rates. In addition, the average pressure rising rate during the second pressure rebound process presented an exponential growth with the increase of the discharge area, and the exponent coefficient decreased with the increase of the liquid filling rate. 相似文献
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836.
场平爆破南北各有1个加油站,临近公路和高压线,对爆破振动和飞石控制严格,爆破设计和施工难度较大.介绍了该复杂环境下场平石方爆破设计和安全技术,可供类似工程参考. 相似文献
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838.
考虑土与结构动力相互作用的影响,将地基土—地铁区间隧道结构体系视为平面应变问题,建立了土—地铁区间隧道非线性动力相互作用的有限元分析模型,对圆形和直墙拱形隧道的地震反应进行了数值模拟;分析了在相同的埋深和场地条件的情况下不同隧道结构形式在不同地震动作用下的应力、加速度和相对水平位移反应特性。结果表明:圆形隧道结构的应力和相对水平位移反应明显小于直墙拱形隧道。从抗震设计角度考虑,选择隧道形状时应优先采用圆形隧道。 相似文献
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840.
基于问卷调查的四川民众地震灾害响应能力分区评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于前期对四川省德阳市民众地震灾害认知与响应特点与规律的问卷调查数据及分析结果,构建了以性别、年龄和受教育程度为核心评价参数的县市社会民众地震灾害响应能力的综合评价模型;然后将该评价模型应用于四川省,实现了对四川省社会民众地震灾害响应能力大小的分县市计算与评价。结果表明,四川省东部县市民众的地震灾害响应能力普遍比西部县市民众大,省会成都市周围的区、县(市)居民的地震灾害响应能力普遍较强,西部三个自治州民众的响应能力普遍较差,其中,成都市青羊区民众的响应能力最强,凉山彝族自治州金阳县民众的能力最弱,全省呈现出以成都市各区县(市)为中心向周围地区递减的总体趋势。 相似文献