Confined placental mosaicism for trisomy 14 and maternal uniparental disomy in association with elevated second trimester maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin and third trimester fetal growth restriction

A case of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) and maternal uniparental isodisomy 14 identified after placental karyotype revealed trisomy 14 in a newborn with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and minor dysmorphic features is reported. During the second trimester of the pregnancy, multiple marker screening revealed an increased risk for Down syndrome of >1 in 10. The maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (MShCG) was markedly elevated at 4.19 MoM. Amniocentesis revealed a normal 46,XX karyotype. Fetal growth restriction has been associated with elevated MShCG and placental aneuploidy with CPM for chromosomes 2, 7, 9 and 16. The present case of CPM for chromosome 14 was also associated with fetal growth restriction and elevated second trimester MShCG, suggesting a common link. Further studies need to be done to determine if indeed elevation of second trimester MShCG is associated with increased risk of CPM. The present case again demonstrates the need to perform placental karyotype in unexplained fetal growth restriction. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

常温厌氧MBR中微生物群落结构与膜污染研究

为考察微生物群落结构与膜污染的关系,在常温下运行厌氧膜生物反应器,并应用末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)技术,对膜丝表面微生物群落结构变化进行了研究,同时考察了微生物群落结构变化与反应器中溶解性微生物产物(SMP)、胞外聚合物(EPS)的关系.结果表明:在常温状态下膜污染周期约为18d,CODCr的去除率约为93%,运行效果稳定;微生物代谢产物的浓度随着微生物种群的演替呈逐渐升高的趋势,加速了膜污染进程;膜压(pTM)处于缓慢上升期时,膜丝表面微生物优势菌群为Raoultella、Owenweeksia hongkongensis,膜压(pTM)处于稳定上升期时,膜丝表面的优势菌群演替为 Delftia acidovorans、Halothiobacillus neapolitanus,最后当膜压(pTM)处于快速上升期时,bp78的微生物成为了膜丝表面的顶级群落.膜压(pTM)处于缓慢上升期和稳定上升期时,膜压(pTM)与微生物群落结构的多样性呈显著正相关;膜污染进入快速上升期时,膜丝表面出现了顶级群落,此时微生物群落多样性明显降低且与膜压升高呈弱相关;膜丝表面微生物群落均匀度随着膜压(pTM)的升高呈现出先增高后降低的趋势,膜丝表面微生物群落经历了不断附着,相互竞争至顶级群落出现的演替过程.     

基于T-RFLP和因子分析的香蒲根际细菌群落研究

以北京市永定河王平湿地为研究对象,应用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)对王平湿地再生水补水口及其远离补水口的香蒲根际细菌和氨氧化细菌(AOB)的群落结构及多样性变化进行分析,在此基础上结合MiCA3比对、典范对应分析(CCA)和多元统计中因子分析(FA),解析湿地不同空间细菌群落功能特性的变化.结果显示再生水补水口细菌群落各多样性指数均明显低于远离补水口细菌群落,而氨氧化细菌群落则呈现相反趋势.基于传统的T-RFLP片段MiCA3比对、CCA和FA相结合的分析表明:对细菌群落,占再生水补水口细菌群落总丰度55.6%的菌群与150bp代表的鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas sp.)具相似净化功能,并与总有机碳生物化学循环过程具密切关系,其次占再生水补水口上游细菌群落总丰度75.5%的菌群与81bp为代表的假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)和Geitlerinema sp.具相似净化功能,并与氮的生物化学循环过程具密切关系.占再生水补水口下游细菌群落总丰度68.7%的菌群与138bp代表的小单孢菌属(Micromonospora sp.)具相似净化功能,同时与重金属Cu、V、和Ti生物化学循环具密切关系.对氨氧化细菌,266bp受铵态氮影响较大,占再生水补水口氨氧化细菌群落总丰度65.5%的菌群与266bp代表的Nitrosomonas sp.具相似的生境特征,适合在高氨环境中生长;与58bp所代表的Nitrosospira sp.具相似功能特性菌群丰度在远离补水口样点中较前者呈现显著增加趋势,表征该类菌群适合在相对低氨环境中生长.     

Bacterial diversity in activated sludge from a consecutively aerated submerged membrane bioreactor treating domestic wastewater

The bacterial diversity of activated sludge from submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was investigated. A 16S rDNA clone library was generated, and 150 clones were screened using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Of the screened clones, almost full-length 16S rDNA sequences of 64 clones were sequenced. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with a database containing clone sequences from this study and bacterial rDNA sequences from NCBI for identification purposes. The 90.6% of the clones were a?l...     

柴窝堡湖营养状态和限制因子分析及富营养化防治对策

应用柴窝堡湖2005—2009年的监测数据,对其水质进行评价,并用综合营养状态指数法分析了湖库总体富营养化水平,利用水质N／P比值和叶绿素a的相关分析,探讨了湖库富营养化的限制因子,并对改善水质提出了几点建议。     

水库水体热分层的水质及细菌群落分布特征

作为重要的城市饮用水源地,水库是人工筑坝形成的特殊类型的水体,其水质直接影响居民的饮用水安全.为揭示北京市饮用水源地密云水库的秋季分层特征和细菌群落的垂直变化,于水体稳定分层期(秋季)在水库进行采样,应用16S rDNA末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)和定量PCR等方法研究了密云水库水体细菌群落的垂直分布特征,并利用聚类分析、多元统计分析揭示细菌群落与环境因子之间的响应关系.结果表明:(1)密云水库水体温跃层位于水深20～30 m处,水温范围在15～19℃,聚类分析将7个采样水层划分为好氧区(上层)和缺氧区(下层)两类,温度、DO、pH在15 m以下逐渐降低,电导率、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮及总氮在15 m后发生显著变化,水体水质表现出明显的垂直分布特征;(2)RDA分析结果显示,上下水层的溶解氧、pH、电导率、氨氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氮存在较为明显的垂向变化,是影响密云水库细菌群落垂直分布的主要环境因子;(3)总细菌的数量随水深变化的波动较为明显,其中好氧区细菌的Shannon-Wiener指数和T-RFs片段数明显高于缺氧区,说明秋季密云水库水体中细菌群落分布存在显著的分层现象.本研究探究了水体热分层对水库水质及细菌群落的影响,可为预测水质变化和水库管理提供科学依据.     

经济与环境协调发展涵义若干问题探讨

伴随经济高速发展的生态危机直接威胁人类的生存与发展，经济与环境应协调发展的声浪日益高涨。然而对经济与环境协调发展不论概念还是涵义都较模糊，成为建立经济与环境协调发展的指标体系及宏观经济持续发展监控系统的理论障碍。经济与环境协调发展的内在涵义，应从经济与环境协调发展的相对性、约束性和两中心论角度来阐述。