Spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities of the Yellow Sea by T-RFLP analysis

Four typical coastal sites (rocky shore, sandy shore, mud flat shore, and artificial harbor) at the Yellow Sea were chosen to investigate the spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities. This was accomplished by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Two kinds of tetrameric restriction enzymes, HhaI and MspI, were used in the experiment to depict the bacterial community diversity in different marine environments. It was found that the community compositions digested by the two enzymes separately were different. However, the results of bacterial community diversity derived from them were similar. The MDA analysis results of T-RFLP profiles coming from HhaI and MspI both exhibited a significant seasonal community shift for bacteria and a relatively low spatial variation among the four locations. With HhaI as the sample, the pair wise T-tests also revealed that variations were minor between each pair of marine environments, with R ranging from 0.198 to 0.349. However, the bacterial community structure in the mud flat site depicted a larger difference than each of the other three sites (R ranging from 0.282 to 0.349).     

饮用水处理中不同来源生物活性炭微生物群落多样性和结构研究

通过限制性片段长度多态性技术考察了饮用水深度处理中5种不同来源生物活性炭的微生物群落多样性和结构.单宁酸与腐殖酸吸附值相对较高的A炭、B炭和C炭的多样性指数较为接近,其微生物多样性更为丰富,而单宁酸与腐殖酸吸附值相对较低的D炭、E炭多样性指数较低.生物活性炭样品的系统发育树中包含β-Proteobacteria、α-Proteobacteria、Planctomycetes、γ-Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes等5类种群.其中β-Proteobacteria和α-Proteobacteria是微生物群落的优势种群,对水中有机物的去除起到重要的作用.Planctomycetes、γ-Proteobacteria和Bacteroidetes是微生物群落的非优势种群.Bacteroidetes出现在A炭、B炭、C炭和D炭中,而没有出现在E炭中.研究结果进一步加深了对生物活性炭中微生物群落的认识,为确保饮用水质安全提供理论基础.     

Effect of traffic restriction on atmospheric particle concentrations and their size distributions in urban Lanzhou, Northwestern China

During the 2012 Lanzhou International Marathon, the local government made a significant effort to improve traffic conditions and air quality by implementing traffic restriction measures. To evaluate the direct effect of these measures on urban air quality, especially particle concentrations and their size distributions, atmospheric particle size distributions(0.5–20 μm) obtained using an aerodynamic particle sizer(model 3321, TSI, USA) in June 2012 were analyzed. It was found that the particle number, surface area and volume concentrations for size range 0.5–10 μm were(15.0±2.1) cm-3,(11.8±2.6) μm2/cm3and(1.9±0.6) μm2/cm3, respectively, on the traffic-restricted day(Sunday), which is 63.2%, 53.0% and 47.2% lower than those on a normal Sunday. For number and surface area concentrations, the most affected size range was 0.5–0.7 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively, while for volume concentration, the most affected size ranges were 0.5–0.8, 1.7–2.0 and 5.0–5.4 μm. Number and volume concentrations of particles in size range 0.5–1.0 μm correlated well with the number of non-CNG(Compressed Natural Gas) powered vehicles, while their correlation with the number of CNG-powered vehicles was very low, suggesting that reasonable urban traffic controls along with vehicle technology improvements could play an important role in improving urban air quality.     

有关如何保障中国“限塑令”政策顺利实施的研究

国务院最近出台的“限塑令”一度引起社会各界的广泛关注,对于这一政策,公众各持观点,对此褒贬不一。通过在徐州地区的调查,并对调查的结果进行分析,提出了有可能影响“限塑令”顺利实施的四对主要矛盾。通过对这四对矛盾进行深入分析,得出了相关结论,并提出了五个有助于中国“限塑令”顺利实施的建议。     

长江中下游湖泊超微型真核藻类遗传多样性研究

用流式分选结合末端限制性片段长度多态性的方法对长江中下游30个湖泊中超微型真核藻类的遗传多样性进行了研究,以了解不同环境条件下超微型真核藻类多样性的分布规律及其影响的主要因子.长江中下游湖泊大都已富营养化,但超微藻的群落组成差异仍然很大,T-RFLP分析共发现197个T-RFs,有45%的T-RFs(89个)仅在不到3个湖泊中检测到,聚类分析中各湖相似度均低于80%.中营养水平湖泊中多样性指数较高,总氮浓度与超微型真核藻类群落结构显著相关(P=0.006),CCA分析中,第一轴与第二轴共解释了10.0%的超微型真核藻类群落组成的变化.本研究表明,湖泊中超微型真核藻类群落组成的环境异质性明显,其多样性与湖泊营养水平密切相关,此外其它非生物因素对其群落组成也可能存在重要影响.     

城市污水处理厂活性污泥中氨氧化菌群落结构研究

为了解析污水处理厂中氨氧化菌(AOB)的群落结构,以及处理工艺、规模等参数对AOB群落结构的影响,采用针对AOB功能基因氨单加氧酶(amoA)的末端限制性片段长度多态性技术(T-RFLP)、克隆测序等方法,研究了北京市6个污水处理厂的9个污水处理系统中AOB的群落结构.T-RFLP指纹图谱表明不同污水处理系统中AOB的群落结构有所不同,主要的末端限制性片段(T-RF)为354、491和291 bp.T-RFLP指纹图谱及聚类分析表明,污水处理工艺对系统中AOB的群落结构影响较小,而处理规模对AOB的群落结构有一定的影响.对功能基因amoA的系统发育分析表明,污水处理系统中优势AOB均为Nitrosomonasspp.,而非Nitrosospiraspp..这可能是Nitrosomonasspp.的最大比增长速率(μmax)较高,使其更容易成为活性污泥系统中的优势AOB.