安徽省沿江地区生态功能分区研究

在"中部崛起"战略和安徽省"沿江开发"战略的指引下,安徽沿江地区得以快速发展。合理划定区域生态功能区,确保经济发展与环境保护相协调具有重要现实意义。以GIS技术为支撑,从自然生态约束分区评价着手,以安徽沿江41个县市为基本单元,选择山地、水网、湿地、水环境容量等指标进行生态功能差异评价,经聚类归并以及兼顾功能区的完整连片,将安徽沿江地区划分为4个一级生态功能区1、4个二级生态功能区。安徽沿江地区生态功能分区对科学有效地管理安徽沿江生态环境,因地制宜地实施保护和治理策略,保证社会经济可持续发展,合理开发安徽沿江地区提供了研究支撑。     

The effects of license plate-based driving restrictions on air quality: Theory and empirical evidence

A typical driving restriction prohibits drivers from using their vehicles on given weekdays, based on the last digits of their vehicles’ license plates. A number of cities in developing countries have used license plate-based driving restrictions as a policy for reducing urban air pollution and traffic congestion. This paper develops a theoretical model of the effects of license plate-based driving restrictions on air quality that combines an economic model with information about the sources and atmospheric chemistry of different air pollutants. We then draw upon suggestive empirical evidence from license plate-based driving restrictions implemented in Bogotá, Colombia. Consistent with our theory model, we find suggestive empirical evidence that under certain circumstances, due to substitution, the purchase of a second car, the use of alternative modes of transportation, and/or atmospheric chemistry, it is possible for license plate-based driving restrictions to increase air pollution. Also consistent with our theory, we find that license plate-based driving restrictions may have different effects on different air pollutants, reflecting heterogeneity in the sources and atmospheric chemistry of the pollutants. In particular, owing to atmospheric chemistry, it is possible for a license plate-based driving restriction to cause a significant decrease in NO and a significant increase in NO₂, NO_x, and O₃.     

矿业废弃地对环境的扰动及其有效化解的对策选择

作为矿产资源开发活动的直接结果之一,矿业废弃地对环境的压力与污染在相当程度上与矿产资源开发利用的方式及环境直接相关。依据矿业废弃地污染环境的性质与特点,具体治理过程中,将基于生态恢复与生物技术利用以及正式与非正式的制度约束方面的对策措施结合起来,具有相当的必要性与合理性。     

病险水库管理决策中的环境价值评估 ——以水库的游憩价值为例

以滁州市黑洼水库的游憩价值为例,利用两边界二分式条件价值法,探讨了我国病险水库管理决策中的环境价值评估.利用收入限制的Logit模型,分析支付意愿均值和中值点估计和区间估计对其分布函数右尾变化的灵敏性.结果表明本研究中支付意愿的分布函数没有出现“大尾效应”,在最大投标值处,对分布函数进行简单截断的方法统计效率最高.滁州市公众对黑洼水库游憩功能提升的平均支付意愿为305元/户(95%置信区间265~351元/户);总价值为3782万元(95%置信区间3296~4355万元).表明即使是小型病险水库也可能具有极高的环境价值,病险水库管理决策必须考虑环境价值这一重要指标.     

《大气污染防治法(修订草案)》第四十五条正当性审视

第十二届全国人大常委会第十二次会议初次审议了国务院提请审议的《大气污染防治法(修订草案)》,修订草案第四十五条拟授权省、自治区和直辖市人民政府可以采取机动车限行措施,其正当性引起社会的激烈讨论。机动车限行涉及公民所有权的限制,授权的合法性与正当性应受到公法上法律保留原则和比例原则的审查。草案第四十五条未区分高排放与低排放机动车、常态限制与临时限制,模糊地授权地方立法,不符合法律创设的目的性及必要性要求,第四十五条必须进一步明确授权范围。     

黄河三角洲湿地土壤微生物群落结构分析

采用末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)技术和16S rDNA克隆文库的方法,分析了黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤不同深度细菌和古菌的群落结构.研究表明,随着深度的增加,细菌群落的多样性下降,而古菌群落多样性则有上升的趋势,且土壤的细菌和古菌群落结构都呈现出规律的层状分布.该土壤包括各种硫酸盐还原菌、产甲烷古菌、光合细菌等丰富的细菌和古菌资源.图5参27     

Prenatal analysis of the insulin receptor gene in a family with leprechaunism

Leprechaunism is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, loss of glucose homeostasis, and severe insulin resistance. This disease is caused by a failure of function of the insulin receptor and is lethal early in life. Here we report the prenatal diagnosis of leprechaunism in one consanguineous family, Atl-1, in which two homozygous-affected siblings died with leprechaunism. The mutation in their insulin receptor impaired insulin binding and altered receptor signalling. Prenatal diagnosis could not be accomplished using insulin binding to cultured amniocytes, but was possible using mutational analysis of the insulin receptor gene in DNA from amniotic cells.     

秸秆气化商业化发展的驱动与制约因素分析

秸秆气化是一项方兴未艾的新兴生物质能源利用技术,而在秸秆资源气化的商业化发展过程中,明显的驱动因素和不利的制约因素并存。论文在调研后认为,其驱动因素包括:农户对包括秸秆燃气在内的高品位能源具有较强的需求;有利于治理污染和保护环境,缓解国家商品能源供应压力等明显的外部性效益;政府在初始阶段对秸秆资源的重视和推动。其制约因素包括:由于秸秆燃气价格偏低,提价可能性小,燃气用户规模小,用途单一,秸秆气化站初始投资较高,使得秸秆气化站的经济效益尚不明显;政府扶持过程中暴露出非市场行为的缺陷;秸秆气化技术的成熟性与实用性不强,秸秆气化设备及施工验收体系的标准化不够完善。