资源约束下两区域的增长

多区域增长溢出与资源约束下的可持续发展是区域增长研究领域两个非常重要的课题,但是,多区域增长溢出的研究往往忽略了资源的约束,而可持续发展研究往往缺少了对多个区域的考虑。论文将区域增长、资源贸易以及资源开发的溢出等因素结合起来,构建了两区域的增长模型,其中一个区域出售部分自身资源,另一个区域利用其他区域资源。在模型基础上,论文通过调整模型各参数进行了模拟分析,研究发现在区域内部技术溢出不足时,落后区域适合出售资源,在区域内部技术溢出很强烈的情况下,落后区域将资源投入生产比出售资源获得的收入大。两区域经济系统通过调整区域出售资源的比例,可以获得双赢的结果。     

Diversity and community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir北大核心CSCD

The diversity and community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir in Pingtan island, Fujian Province, were investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods combined with the construction of clone libraries. The diversity of PAOs in summer samples was significantly higher than that in winter. The dominant terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) of PAOs were in the range of 200 to 300 bp in summer, while they were in the range of 150 to 200 bp in winter. Cloning sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the main phyla of PAOs in the sediment of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Anaeromyxobacter, Azospirillum, Microlunatus phosphovorus, and Burkholderia were the dominant genera in the summer samples. Anaeromyxobacter, Methylobacterium, Solibacter, Azospirillum, and Microlunatus phosphovorus were the dominant genera in sediment samples in winter. The results of this study demonstrated that the diversity and community composition of PAOs in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir had specific seasonal characteristics. Various forms of phosphorus also showed their influence on the diversity of PAOs, especially Fe/Al-P. Our findings lays a scientific foundation for the future disclosure of microbial mechanisms involved in the phosphorus metabolic cycle in the sediments of reservoirs. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

长江流域空间经济系统的特征研究

从空间经济系统的角度来看,长江流域经济发展有三个具有内在联系的基本特征。道德是流域经济发展的空间差异性。这一特征集中体现在流域内各地区之间经济发展基础、经济发展速度、经济发展水平等同空间差异。其次是流域经济发展与自然条件和资源的空间耦合性。区域自然系统对区域经济发展有明显的作用和影响,突出地表现了上游经济发展属资源密集型、中游经济发展属劳动力密集型和资源密集型并存、下游为资金技术型。第三是流域经济     

EoNPV的限制性酶切图谱及polyhedrin基因和egt基因的定位

用８种限制性内切酶酶解茶尺蠖Ｅｃｔｒｏｐｉｓｏｂｌｉｑｕａ核型多角体病毒（ＥｏＮＰＶ）基因组ＤＮＡ,获得大于０．８８ｋｂ的片段数分别为７、３８、１９、１７、１６、９、３２和１４．由此统计,基因组平均大小大于１１８．５ｋｂ,即Ｍｒ约大于７８．６×１０６．用ＢｍＮＰＶ的多角体蛋白（ｐｈ）基因和ＡｃＭＮＰＶ的ｅｇｔ基因为探针,应用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交方法,将ＥｏＮＰＶ的ｐｈ基因定位于ＢａｍＨＩＡ、ＣｌａＩＤ、ＥｃｏＲＩＭ、ＥｃｏＲＶＬ、ＨｉｎｄⅢＦ、ＰｓｔＩＡ、ＳａｌＩＨ和ＸｈｏＩＢ片段上,将ｅｇｔ基因定位于ＢａｍＨＩＡ、ＣｌａＩｌ、ＥｃｏＲＩＫ、ＥｃｏＲＶＡ、ＨｉｎｄⅢＨ、ＰｓｔＩＡ、ＳａｌＩＢ、ＸｈｏＩＩ片段上．通过克隆和酶切鉴定ＥｃｏＲＩＭ和ＥｃｏＲＶＬ片段,测定ｐｈ基因部分序列,并以ＥｃｏＲＩＭ为探针对基因组酶切印迹进行杂交,制作了ＥｏＮＰＶｐｈ基因和ｅｇｔ基因区的酶切图谱,推定ｅｇｔ基因保守区位于ｐｈ基因上游约４．５５ｋｂ处．     

Response of bacterial communities to short-term pyrene exposure in red soil

Pyrene, a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound produced mainly from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, is hazardous to ecosystem health. However, long-term exposure studies did not detect any significant effects of pyrene on soil microorganism. In this study, short-term microcosm experiments were conducted to identify the immediate effect of pyrene on soil bacterial communities. A freshly-collected pristine red soil was spiked with pyrene at 0, 10, 100, 200, and 500 mg·kg^-1 and incubated for one day and seven days. The bacterial communities in the incubated soils were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods. The results revealed high bacterial diversity in both unspiked and pyrene-spiked soils. Only at the highest pyrene-spiking rate of 500 mg·kg^-1, two minor bacteria groups of the identified 14 most abundant bacteria groups were completely suppressed. Short-term exposure to pyrene resulted in dominance of Proteobacteria in soil, followed by Acidobacteria, Firmutes, and Bacteroidetes. Our findings showed that bacterial community structure did respond to the presence of pyrene but recovered rapidly from the perturbation. The intensity of impact and the rate of recovery showed some pyrene dosage-dependent trends. Our results revealed that different levels of pyrene may affect the bacterial community structure by suppressing or selecting certain groups of bacteria. It was also found that the bacterial community was most susceptible to pyrene within one day of the chemical addition.     

Diversity and vertical distributions of sediment bacteria in an urban river contaminated by nutrients and heavy metals

The aim of this study was to investigate the benthic bacterial communities in different depths of an urban river sediment accumulated with high concentrations of nutrients and metals. Vertical distributions of bacterial operational taxonomic units （OTUs） and chemical para- meters （nutrients： NH4＋, NO3, dissolved organic carbon, and acid volatile sulfur; metals： Fe, Zn, and Cu） were characterized in 30 cm sediment cores. The bacterial OTUs were measured using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Biodiversity indexes and multivariate statistical analyses were used to characterize the spatial distributions of microbial diversity in response to the environmental parameters. Results showed that concentrations of the nutrients and metals in this river sediment were higher than those in similar studies. Furthermore, high microbial richness and diversity appeared in the sediment. The diversity did not vary obviously in the whole sediment profile. The change of the diversity indexes and the affiliations of the OTUs showed that the top layer had different bacterial community structure from deeper layers due to the hydrological disturbance and redox change in the surface sediment. The dominant bacterial OTUs ubiquitously existed in the deeper sediment layers （5-27 cm） corresponding to the distributions of the nutrients and metals. With much higher diversity than the dominant OTUs, the minor bacterial assemblages varied with depths, which might be affected by the sedimentation process and the environmental competition pressure.     

福建龙岩市龙潭湖甲藻水华成因的研究

2009年12月初,在福建龙岩市龙硿洞风景名胜区龙潭湖首次发现拟多甲藻水华,最高细胞密度达到1.11×107cells.经过应急处置,甲藻和其他藻类被杀灭.监测发现,上游小溪和溶洞地下水营养物质均优于国家Ⅱ类标准,但入湖后,TN和TP浓度明显上升.结果表明,龙潭湖蓄水改变了小溪的自然流态,形成了营养盐的累积和甲藻的快速增殖;环境和水温度的明显升高,也起到了一定的促进作用;沉积物营养盐蓄积和内释放对甲藻水华具有重要的贡献,而TP可能是本次水华的主要限制因子.     

“限塑令”对塑料袋回收利用影响的分析

针对我国塑料袋回收利用的现状及案例调研显示,“限塑令”对塑料袋的回收利用具有促进作用;但“限塑令”实施的预期效果目前尚不明显。“限塑令”有待进一步推广,相应的回收利用体系也亟待建设与健全。     

自然资源对中国城市化水平的影响研究

采用一般均衡的方法,从供给和需求的角度,得出自然资源是中国城市化快速发展硬约束的结论。在自然资源约束下,资源最优配置的结果表明:城市化水平与城市化质量之间存在替代关系。在此基础上,对均衡结果进行了比较静态分析,研究表明:经济全球化有利于增加自然资源的供给,城市化道路的偏好直接影响到城市化水平。针对中国城市化快速发展面临劳动力转移和城市化质量提升的双重压力,提出了转变经济增长方式,城市化数量和质量并重的政策建议。     

阿维菌素杀虫剂对甘蓝叶际微生物群落结构的影响

植物的叶际存在各种类型微生物包括不同种类的细菌、丝状真菌、酵母、藻类等,它们发挥着重要的生态功能.本研究首次利用磷脂脂肪酸分析（PLFA）和末端限制性片断长度多态性分析（T-RFLP）2种非培养方法评价2种不同剂量的阿维菌素杀虫剂喷施甘蓝后对叶际微生物群落的影响.结果表明,低剂量阿维菌素农药处理对甘蓝叶际微生物的生物量和群落结构影响不显著,而高剂量阿维菌素杀虫剂处理明显地改变了甘蓝叶际微生物的群落结构和组成,减少了总叶际微生物生物量、细菌生物量和革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌特征磷脂脂肪酸之间的比值,而真菌生物量变化不大.PLFA分析结果表明经高剂量阿维菌素农药处理后增加了不饱和脂肪酸16:1ω9t、 18:1ω7和环丙烷脂肪酸cy17:0、 cy19:0的含量,而减少了饱和脂肪酸i15:0、 a15:0、 i16:0 和 a17:0的含量.T-RFLP分析结果表明经高剂量阿维菌素农药处理后出现一些新的酶切片段（如58、 96、 236和420 bp）,这些片段所属的微生物对甘蓝叶片上阿维菌素的降解可能发挥重要的作用;而一些酶切片段消失（如51、 89、 99、 338、 66、 223和482 bp）,这些片段所属的微生物可能对阿维菌素类农药残留的指示具有重要意义.