关于"环境贴现率"问题的探讨

推导一个描述私人利润率和社会利润率之间的新公式。该公式涉及的２个相关的环境参数为：环境投资占国民收入的百分比（λ）;从环境投资角度出发定义的环境改善的弹性（η）。公式表明,从环境的观点出发,社会利润率或环境贴率应该随则系统地降低。此外,本文还引用了“环境阻力”的概念来论述模型的意义,同时还简要地讨论了环境阻力的计算方法。     

废旧电路板上残留焊锡剥离液的研制

以硝酸-磺酸型退锡剂为基础配方,研制了一种脱除废旧电路板表面残留焊锡的剥离液.该剥离液以硝酸为氧化剂,氨基磺酸为稳定剂,苯并三氮唑为铜的缓蚀剂.实验结果表明:剥离液的最佳配比为硝酸浓度3 mol/L,氨基磺酸浓度0.4 mol/L,苯并三氮唑浓度0.08 mol/L;每升剥离液可处理3.5 kg废旧电路板,处理后电路板中的铅离子含量降至100 mg/kg以下.该剥离液处理后的电路板表面的铜箔保持完好,基本没有被剥离液浸蚀.     

Mediating the Science: Symbolic and Structural Influences on Communicating Climate Change Through New Zealand's Television News

Climate change presents scientists, politicians, and media producers with a challenge of articulating to diverse stakeholders both the complexity of issues and the urgency of action. Analyses of how climate change is represented and constructed in broadcast media are useful to capture a reflection of contemporary values. We use an analysis of news frames and production values as well as a limited “circuit of culture” approach to explore climate change communication as both a news product and cultural phenomenon. Our focus is New Zealand, a country which ratified the Kyoto agreement but which is currently noncompliant. Using qualitative framing analysis and in-depth interviews with leading media producers, politicians, and scientists, we examine how climate change is produced, represented, and consumed by New Zealanders via their broadcast media.     

Removing lead from metallic mixture of waste printed circuit boards by vacuum distillation: Factorial design and removal mechanism

The lead removal from the metallic mixture of waste printed circuit boards by vacuum distillation was optimized using experimental design, and a mathematical model was established to elucidate the removal mechanism. The variables studied in lead evaporation consisted of the chamber pressure, heating temperature, heating time, particle size and initial mass. The low-level chamber pressure was fixed at 0.1 Pa as the operation pressure. The application of two-level factorial design generated a first-order polynomial that agreed well with the data for evaporation efficiency of lead. The heating temperature and heating time exhibited significant effects on the efficiency, which was validated by means of the copper–lead mixture experiments. The optimized operating conditions within the region studied were the chamber pressure of 0.1 Pa, heating temperature of 1023 K and heating time of 120 min. After the conditions were employed to remove lead from the metallic mixture of waste printed circuit boards, the efficiency was 99.97%. The mechanism of the effects was elucidated by mathematical modeling that deals with evaporation, mass transfer and condensation, and can be applied to a wider range of metal removal by vacuum distillation.     

Return migration after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster: the impact of institutional and individual factors

This paper explores two groups of factors, individual and institutional, that have influenced return migration since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in Japan on 11 March 2011. Based on an analysis of statistical data on evacuees, a questionnaire completed by 289 people who migrated, and 19 semi-structured interviews with disaster-affected people, the research found (apropos of institutional factors) that while the lifting of the government's evacuation order has had no immediate effect on return decisions, the termination of monetary compensation and housing subsidies has had a significant bearing on them. As for individual factors, a strong sense of attachment to home and the possession of property, job obligations, and having family members in the home location are key determinants of return decisions. Moreover, the paper suggests that there could be differing opinions among Japanese government officials and evacuees regarding radiation exposure risk and the degree to which infrastructure and social services have been rehabilitated.     

电选法回收利用废印刷线路板

废印刷线路板含有多种有价值的物质，随意丢弃或处理处置方法不当既污染环境，又造成资源流失。采用剪切式破碎和电力分选技术对废印刷线路板的机械分离进行了研究。结果表明，电选法可以实现废印刷线路板中金属和玻璃纤维、树脂的分离；在实验的粒径范围内（-14＋20目到-120＋200目分为5个粒径级别），金属主要集中在-20＋120目粒级范围内，且该粒级范围分选效果最好。     

煤矿管理者教育经历与煤矿安全生产关联性分析

为探讨煤矿管理者的教育经历与煤矿生产和安全的关系,在分析事故致因理论和教育收益理论基础上,使用明瑟收益率模型,构建煤矿矿长文化程度、受教育时长、从业时长等个人教育经历与煤矿生产能力和安全水平的关系假设,并结合全国煤矿矿长调研活动收集的数据进行实证分析。结果表明:煤矿矿长的文化程度、受教育时长、从业时长与煤矿企业的生产存在正向影响关系;煤矿矿长的文化程度与煤矿的伤亡人数存在负向影响关系;并在此结果基础上提出了下一步研究方向和实践建议。     

基于Matlab的短路熔痕凝固过程中熔体温度测算方法*

为解决无法对瞬时凝固的熔痕高温熔体进行测温,从而致使火灾物证鉴定界对短路熔痕组织形成规律无法达成共识的问题,使用高速摄像机采集熔痕形成时熔体的彩色影像,运用Matlab图像色温识别技术,对熔体凝固时的色彩变化进行识别与分析,从而建立测算短路熔痕凝固速率的方法。结果表明:该方法的平均标准差为9.63,标准不确定度为2.55 K,计算结果满足测试要求;在测算的10个熔痕中,灭弧瞬间熔体温度为1 734.03~2 759.15 K,初始冷却速率为-255.16~-86.61 K/ms,凝固时长为46.45~87.99 ms;灭弧时熔体温度与初始冷却速率呈近似正相关关系,与熔痕体积无关。通过此方法测算短路发生时高温熔体的温度变化,可为研究短路故障迸溅熔痕引燃、熔痕组织变化规律提供方法支持。     

云南耿马灌区水环境质量与退水污染负荷分析

为保证灌区及配套工程顺利实施,受退水区域的水污染防治工作应该优先考虑并引起足够重视。按照存在生活供水的灌区工程应遵循的先治污、后通水,先环保、后用水、增水不增污、增水减污等原则,受退水区的水环境质量应作为工程实施效果的主要指标。本文对已有的灌区工程涉及的地表水监测资料进行了整理,分析了灌区主要纳污水体的水环境质量现状。为进一步分析灌区各类退水对区域水环境的影响,针对灌区工程范围内不同的灌溉控制单元,分析其主要退水的类型、水量和水质,分析主要污染物的污染负荷来源和占比。寻找重点污染源和主要水污染问题,提出各类退水污染防治的重点方向、任务和主要建议,对灌区及配套工程的水污染防治工作具有一定的指导意义。     

采煤工作面回风巷瓦斯气团漂移现象再探

针对采煤工作面回风巷中瓦斯气团进行长距离漂移而气团内部瓦斯浓度结构基本未发生变化这一现象,对瓦斯气团的产生区域、产生过程、在回风巷中的运移方式提出了一种假说,并且设计了一种试验方案用以验证该假说。利用瓦斯气团的运移特性,对瓦斯气团平均漂移速度的计算公式进行了优化,定义了瓦斯气团浓度衰减率这一概念,提出了一种用于吹散瓦斯气团降低回风巷中瓦斯气团浓度装置的设想。