新版GB/T28001的主要变化

介绍了GB／T28001—2001标准修订的背景及修订原则,解读了新版标准的主要变化。     

添加H2O2加速低合金钢海水腐蚀的主要影响因素研究

采用极化曲线、旋转圆盘电极试验和失重（质量损失）法研究了低合金钢在添加了H。o：的海水中腐蚀加速的主要影响因素。结果发现低合金钢在添加H2O2的海水中腐蚀加速主要受到了H2O2浓度、温度、搅拌速度和H2O2添加周期的影响。研究表明,搅拌速度不变、H2O2添加周期相同的条件下,在H2O2浓度为0．8mol／L的70℃海水中,低合金铜的腐蚀加速最显著;在试验的转速范围内,加速作用随搅拌速度增大变得更为显著;H2O2加入后350min内加速作用较明显。     

校准曲线的制作及有关问题的探讨

详细阐述了校准曲线的制作方法;校准曲线的空白试验、相关系数、截距、斜率、线性范围的要求和影响因素;标准曲线与工作曲线的区别;校准曲线应用中的注意事项;同时收集了21个常规分析项目的空白吸光度和标准曲线斜率的范围,用于分析中的质量控制,具有较好的参考价值。     

Assessing field vulnerability to phosphorus loss in Beijing agricultural area using Revised Field Phosphorus Ranking Scheme

Guanting Reservoir,one of the drinking water supply sources of Beijing,suffers from water eutrophication.It is mainly supplied by Guishui River.Thus,to investigate the reasons of phosphorus(P)loss and improve the P management strategies in Guishui River watershed are important for the safety of drinking water in this region.In this study,a Revised Field P Ranking Scheme(PRS)was developed to reflect the field vulnerability of P loss at the field scale based on the Field PRS.In this new scheme,six factors are included, and each one was assigned a relative weight and a determination method.The affecting factors were classified into transport factors and source factors,and,the standards of environmental quality on surface water and soil erosion classification and degradation of the China were used in this scheme.By the new scheme,thirty-four fields in the Guishui River were categorized as"low","medium"or"high"potential for P loss into the runoff.The results showed that the P loss risks of orchard and vegetable fields were higher than that of corn and soybean fields.The source factors were the main factors to affect P loss from the study area.In the study area,controlling P input and improving P usage efficiency are critical to decrease P loss.Based on the results,it was suggested that more attention should be paid on the fields of vegetable and orchard since they have extremely high usage rate of P and high soil test of E Compared with P surplus by field measurements,the Revised Field PRS was more suitable for reflecting the characteristics of fields,and had higher potential capacity to identify critical source areas of P loss than PRS.     

春季太湖光量子产额空间分布的特征分析

基于2009年4月28日、5月4日、5月5日及5月6日在太湖梅梁湾的栈桥头、直湖港的河口区、太湖中心及胥口湾中心测定的初级生产力及水下光场数据,计算了各测点的藻类光量子产额和P-I曲线,并分析了其空间差异的特征.太湖栈桥头的P-I曲线呈现出明显的光抑制现象;在胥口湾中心和直湖港河口,P-I曲线呈现出弱的光抑制现象;而在太湖中心区域,P-I曲线只达到了光饱和状态,并未出现光抑制现象.单位叶绿素a的最大光量子产额的大小顺序为太湖中心区域、梅梁湾的栈桥头、直湖港的河口区及胥口湾的湖心区.     

FRP加固震损RC柱建模方法及骨架模型研究

为研究震损RC柱采用FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer,FRP)加固修复后的抗震性能,本文基于OpenSees仿真平台,根据震后RC柱的表观损伤状态提出FRP加固震损RC柱的有限元模型建立方法。对FRP加固震损RC柱进行5120种工况的Pushover分析,采用三折线荷载-位移骨架曲线,研究损伤状态对骨架曲线特征点参数的影响规律,并通过数据回归分析提出FRP加固震损RC柱的骨架曲线计算模型。分析结果表明:损伤会降低FRP加固RC柱的承载力及刚度,且降低程度随损伤指数的增大而增加,两者近似成抛物线关系;在DS-5损伤状态下,相比于FRP加固完好RC柱,FRP加固震损RC柱的屈服承载力P y、峰值承载力P c、弹性刚度K 1、弹塑性刚度K 2及下降段刚度K 3的均值下降17.9%、14.5%、41.8%、43.1%和19.9%;损伤对FRP加固RC柱弹性刚度和弹塑性刚度的降低程度明显高于屈服承载力和峰值承载力;文中提出的FRP加固震损RC柱骨架曲线计算模型具有较高精度。     

苏州城市化进程对降雨特征影响分析

城市化的发展过程中,城市下垫面的改变以及人类的生产生活共同作用使大气边界层的特性发生变化,从而影响了城市地区的降雨。位于太湖流域平原水网地区的苏州城市化发展迅速。在分析了苏州城市化发展进程的特点及1953~2000年降雨时间序列特征基础上,采用同时期城区（苏州站）与郊区（望亭站）雨量横向对比、城市化发展不同时期同一站雨量纵向对比的方法,研究了城市化对该地区降雨量、降雨年内分配、降雨发生次数等的影响。通过研究发现：城市化对年雨量、汛期雨量和最大日雨量都有不同程度的增加作用,其中对最大日雨量的影响最显著;受城市化影响,降雨年内分配有集中的趋势;城市化使不同类型降雨发生次数均增加,其中对暴雨发生次数的影响最大。     

含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆燃的抑制影响实验研究

为了揭示含磷酸盐(KH₂PO₄,NH₄H₂PO₄,Ca(H₂PO₄)₂)对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸的抑制作用,通过哈特曼管实验装置和20 L球形爆炸罐,研究含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰和压力传播特性的抑制效果。采用高速摄影方法记录含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰传播的影响;采用20 L球形爆炸罐,收集压力传感器数据,分析含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸压力的影响;采用同步热分析仪研究聚乙烯粉尘和含磷酸盐的热解行为。研究结果表明：含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰传播特性参数和爆炸压力特性参数均有显著的影响,通过对比得到NH₄H₂PO₄抑制效果相对最好。研究结果可为含磷酸盐在抑爆剂工程应用提供理论基础。     

Environmental pollution,hydropower and nuclear energy generation before and after catastrophe: Bathtub-Weibull curve and MS-VECM methods

In this paper, the life span of hydro and nuclear energy generations and the relationship between hydro and nuclear energy generations, environmental pollution, and economic growth were investigated for Japan covering the period of 1960–2018 by employing the Bathtub-Weibull curve and Markov switching-vector error correcting (MSVEC) method, respectively. According to the Bathtub-Weibull curve analysis, a rising failure rate for nuclear energy was found, indicating that the life of nuclear energy has expired, but a decreasing failure rate for hydroelectric energy has been detected. Then two different MSVEC models were used. The MSVEC method, unlike traditional approaches, determines the relationship between variables under different regimes. The results of MSVEC methods indicate three important points. First, regime-dependent asymmetry and regime changes are crucial for policy recommendations. Second, the shocks to hydropower and nuclear energy generations cause temporary deviations from the long-run growth path in both regimes. Lastly, the increase in hydropower generation leads to a decrease in environmental pollution and an increase in GDP, and an increase in nuclear power generation increases pollution and growth in both regimes.     

含氮生物降解促进剂对土壤吸附正十六烷的影响

选用正十六烷模拟润滑油,通过振荡平衡实验,考察了两种含氮脂肪酸型生物降解促进剂（甲基二乙醇胺油酸酯（MDEAO）和油酸二乙醇酰胺（ODEA））对水土体系中正十六烷吸附行为的影响。实验结果表明：正十六烷在水土体系中的有机质标化分配系数与土壤种类无关,与生物降解促进剂种类有关;土壤对正十六烷的吸附过程更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型;MDEAO的临界胶束浓度为2.0 mg/L,对土壤吸附正十六烷有一定的促进作用,ODEA的临界胶束浓度为0.7 mg/L,形成的胶束对正十六烷的增溶效果明显,促进了正十六烷在土壤中的解吸。