Interaction between BSM-contaminated soils and Italian ryegrass

The interaction among the bensulfuron-methyl, growth of Italian ryegrass, and soil chemical/biochemical/microbiological parameters was investigated in a microcosm experiment. The bensulfuron-methyl added to the soil can be rapidly degraded by certain fungi and actinomycetes present in the original paddy rice soil. The growth of Italian ryegrass significantly accelerated the in-soil degradation of bensulfuron-methyl in its rhizosphere. The uptake of bensulfuron-methyl by ryegrass increased with increasing dosage level of bensulfuron-methyl. However, the phytoextraction of bensulfuron-methyl by ryegrass contributed insignificantly to the total removal of the soil bensulfuron-methyl. Within the dosage range set in this study, the root development of ryegrass was not adversely affected by the presence of the soil bensulfuron-methyl although the fresh biomass of shoot was slightly reduced in the higher dosage treatments. This can be attributed to the adsorption of the added bensulfuron-methyl by soil colloids and consequently the reduction of bensulfuron-methyl level in the soil pore water to a concentration sufficiently lower than the toxic level. The growth of ryegrass significantly increased soil pH and the activities of phosphatase and peroxidase but reduced the EC and the activities of urease in the rhizospheric soil.     

水稻专用叶面喷剂对水稻幼苗生长的影响

用水稻专用叶面喷剂喷施水稻秧苗,1670~2500mg/L浓度处理可改善秧苗素质,控制株高,秧苗粗壮,假茎宽,干物质增多,促进分蘖．5000mg/L浓度处理抑制秧苗生长．水稻专用叶面喷剂可提高秧苗叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性．     

抽穗期低温对杂交晚粳宁67A／K1722结实率的影响

利用人工气候箱研究了抽穗期低温对杂交晚粳新组合宁67A/K1722开花量、包颈率及结实率的影响。结果表明：低温使抽穗速度明显变慢,开花量减少,包颈率呈现上升趋势,不同温度处理对结实率的影响不同,17℃与21℃处理间差异极显著,而19℃与21℃间差异不显著,不同时期处理及不同处理天数（3d,5d,7d和12d）间结实率差异不显著,表明该组合对抽穗期低温的耐受力较强,对抽穗期耐低温的鉴定指标问题进行了讨论。     

延边地区水稻稳产高产施肥体系的探讨

采用二次饱和D-最优设计,建立了有机肥、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥配合施用对水稻产量影响的数学模型.研究表明有机肥施用量的过多或过少均使水稻产量下降,化肥的施用也有相似的影响;有机肥与氮肥、磷肥、钾肥只有施用量在适宜的范围内,交互作用较大,产量最高.提出了延边地区水稻获得稳产、高产的施肥体系.     

秸秆腐解剂在秸秆还田中的效果研究初报

在大田、微区和盆栽条件下,研究了秸秆腐解剂对小麦、水稻生长及产量的影响,同时研究了秸秆腐解剂对小麦、水稻秸秆腐解速率及对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,稻、麦秸秆还田时施用秸秆腐解剂对提高稻、麦产量具有明显的增产效果,增产的原因是穗数和粒数增加;稻、麦秸秆还田量不同时,还田量大且配施秸秆腐解剂的效果较还田量小好;麦秸秆还田方式不同时,麦秸以栽稻前耕翻还田且配施秸秆腐解剂的效果较好,上水沤制的效果较差;秸秆腐解剂能促进稻、麦秸秆较快腐解,减轻和防止多量秸秆还田给作物生长带来不利影响,并可稳定和提高土壤养分含量。     

生物有机除草剂防除水田杂草试验研究

采用田间试验方法,进行了生物稻壳粉、生物稻草粉2种生物有机除草剂对水田杂草的防效试验。结果表明,2种生物有机除草剂对水田杂草均有不同程度的防效,其中生物稻壳粉防效最好、经济效益最高,生物稻草粉防效和经济效益次之。该试验研究为生产有机水稻提供了新的除草方法。     

水稻“早育间作”技术与结果分析

本文以提高光热资源利用率、人工改变秧田微气候条件，提早中稻播期为突破口，辅之以提早移栽期和间种优质懦稻等系列配套技术措施，促成了前季中稻的早熟、高产、早收，同时又为后季再生稻创造了必要的时间和温光条件，从而使水稻单产提高２０％以上。     

Biomethanation of plant materials and agricultural residues using dung samples as wild population of microbes and also with isolated methanogens

Recycling of plant materials and agricultural residues for biomethanation was attempted in vials. The methanogenic activities of certain sewage samples have also been tested. Both sterilized and non-sterilized biomasses were used. Biomethanation was carried out with dung samples (cow, goat, buffalo, piggery wastes and poultry wash) as wild populations of microbes and in combination with other microbial isolates (isolated in the laboratory).Biomethanation had been observed to be good in most cases and particularly with the sterilized biomass. Mixed inoculum (dung samples and poultry wash) was found to be best for biomethanation. Of the microbe isolates, isolates from buffalo, pig and paper mill wastes appear to be most effective. Pretreated sawdust and rice straw were found to be good subtrates for biomethanation. Of the different plant biomass used Spirogyra (algae), Ipomea and water hyacinth were most effective whereas Jatropa gossypifolia and Parthenium sp. were the least effective. Biomethanation of Spirogyra was carried out both in anoxic and oxic conditions. Though methane production decreased enormously under oxic conditions, definite methane production continued indicating that the biomethanation process is not exclusively anoxic. Similarly, biomethanation of sewage samples from different sewage treatment plants were carried out with and without isolated methanogens and methane production was found to be moderate.     

湖北稻区农业资源特点和耕作方式新发展

本文论证了湖北稻区的资源具有三大特点。因此,认定该区应细分为:东南部早三熟双季稻区,中部单、双季稻两热三熟并存区,西北部单季稻两熟区。笔者认为,本区近10年发展麦稻、油稻稻、油稻减少肥稻稻、肥稻其主流是好的;讨论了紫云英大量减步后如何解决有机肥源匮乏的问题。主张今后应积极开发冬种,积极提倡冬作起厢分带间套,既稳定大宗作物的发展,又增产经作、饲料、蔬菜、绿肥,以提高稻田的经济效益。     

杂交水稻节水高产栽培技术研究

通过多年的试验、示范证明,杂交稻具有旱能保产、湿能增产的特点,特别是在通气式大田水层栽插、湿润管理的条件下,具有节水、增产、改良土壤的作用。对在灌溉条件较差的丘陵山区和圩区发展水稻生产有积极的作用。