矿用聚氨酯硬泡密闭材料的安全性能研究

对聚氨酯硬泡密闭材料的安全性能进行测定和研究,旨在为矿井降氡技术提供可行的安全材料,从而改善铀矿开采环境,提高井下工作人员的职业安全健康水平。在材料反应机理研究的基础上,通过实验对制备出的聚氨酯硬泡密闭材料进行安全性能测试,结果表明:其发泡时间低于5min、发泡倍数达30倍以上、泡沫均匀致密;降氡效率为84.58%;压缩应力为850.60kPa,断裂拉伸应力为206.0kPa,冲击强度为2.66kJ/m2;材料贮存36个月内的密度变化率小于0.5%,压缩应力变化率小于10.5%,18个月后压缩应力变化趋势缓慢。     

基于复模态法的风电塔架体系地震反应分析

以往对风电塔架研究大多采用刚性地基的假定,忽略土—结构的动力相互作用。然而风电塔架在实际地震时,由于地基的柔性和无限性,使得按刚性地基假定计算出来的结构动力特性和动力反应与将地基和结构作为一个整体计算出来的结果有较大差别。因此,考虑土—结构相互动力作用(SSI)的风电塔架地震响应分析研究十分必要。以华能阜新风力发电塔架为例,基于复模态法分析考虑土—结构相互作用风电塔架地震响应,首先建立土—风电塔架体系计算模型,采用Novak模型对伐板的复刚度、复阻尼计算,然后建立土—风电塔架相互作用体系的地震反应方程,采用复模态分析方法对结构地震反应求解,可供风电塔架抗震设计参考。     

新建宜万线渡口河大桥动力特性分析

新建的宜昌—万州线上的渡口河大桥为一座高墩大跨度连续刚构桥,为了研究其动力特性,分别按桩土连续梁模式、桩土空间刚架模式模拟桩土的共同作用,建立了相应的空间有限元模型。通过比较不同建模方法对动力分析的影响,深入分析了渡口河大桥的动力特性。研究了二期恒载、承台的质量、主墩的混凝土强度等级和边支座纵向弹性约束对结构动力特性的影响。计算结果表明,大跨度桥梁结构的动力分析必须建立详尽的分析模型,以反映结构的实际动力特性。     

废旧聚氨酯硬泡热解特性

采用热重分析仪对废旧聚氨酯硬泡在氮气中的热失重行为进行了研究,并对升温速率、热解终温对热解的影响进行了分析. 结果表明:在氮气气氛条件下,废旧聚氨酯硬泡热解主要发生在200～492 ℃;随着升温速率的提高,废旧聚氨酯硬泡热失重时挥发分初析温度向高温方向偏移,失重速率峰值(DTG_max)显著增大.利用热重-红外(TG-FTIR)联用方法对氮气气氛中10 ℃/min升温速率下的样品热解气体产物进行了检测. 结果表明:废旧聚氨酯硬泡热解产物有H₂O,CO₂,CO,CFC-11,以及含氯化合物、烯烃类、烷烃类和带有苯环等官能团的化合物,且主要气体产物有相似的析出规律.      

热红联用研究废聚氨酯硬泡的燃烧特性

在热重分析仪上对废聚氨酯硬泡在空气中不同升温速率下加热的热失重行为进行了研究,并就升温速率对其热失重行为的影响进行了探讨.结果表明,随着升温速率的提高,废聚氨酯硬泡在空气气氛下热失重时挥发分析出温度(Ts)向高温区偏移,失重速率峰值(DTGmx)显著增大;空气气氛下,废聚氨酯硬泡热失重时有3个失重峰,后2个峰失重率分别约为41.51％和51.96％.同时,结合傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对各条件下的气体产物进行了定性分析,并对主要气体产物的释放规律做了探讨分析.实验发现,废聚氨酯硬泡热解燃烧失重主要阶段的产物种类相似,都检测到了CO、CO2、H2O、三氯一氟甲烷(CFC-11)、烯烃类、烷烃类、醇类、含氯化合物和带有苯环类化合物的特征吸收峰;主要气体产物有相似的析出规律,说明升温速率的变化并未影响到样品在空气气氛下的反应机制.     

安装有防屈曲支撑建筑的地震模拟与经济性分析

结合防屈曲支撑拟静力实验的研究成果,用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟一栋建筑的地震反应。比较原设计结构与减少梁柱面积但安装有防屈曲支撑的减缩结构这2种方案下的地震响应,使两者的层间位移角相近并满足规范要求,进而做经济性对比。结果表明,防屈曲支撑可以有效地减小结构地震响应,并且先于梁柱破坏,保护主体结构安全;安装防屈曲支撑的结构在满足设计要求的同时,还可以节省建筑成本,缩短施工工期。     

碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土斜腿刚架桥节点的试验研究

碳纤维是1种轻质、高强的加固补强材料,广泛应用于钢筋混凝土结构的加固中,而在钢筋混凝土斜腿刚架桥中,斜交的梁柱节点作为结构内力传递的枢纽,是保证结构整体工作的重要构件,有必要对斜交节点的碳纤维加固进行研究。本文对5个碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土斜腿刚架桥节点试件和1个对比试件进行了试验研究。试验分析表明,在加固以后,节点的强度和变形能力有了明显的提高,同时也提高了节点的承载能力。通过试验发现,与裂缝斜交的碳纤维起着与箍筋类似的抗剪作用,同时在节点受弯部位粘贴的碳纤维与其相对应处的受弯钢筋相比,承受了较大的应力和应变,承受了较大的弯矩。     

The effect of artificial smoke compound on physiological responses,cognitive functions and work performance during firefighting activities in a smoke-diving room: an intervention study

This study investigated the combined effect of firefighting operations and exposure to smoke on physiological responses, cognitive functions and physical performance among firefighters. Each firefighter was engaged in two experimental conditions: (a) without artificial smoke, control (NS); (b) with artificial smoke (WS). The results of data analysis revealed that heart rate and body temperature increased significantly after the firefighting activities in the two conditions relative to baseline. In addition, reaction time (RT) and correct response (CR) decreased after the activity relative to baseline and there was a significant difference in RT and CR between the NS and WS conditions. There was also a significant difference in performance time between the NS and WS conditions. These findings demonstrated that a smoke compound has an insignificant effect on physiological responses during firefighting activity. On the contrary, the smoke compound has a detrimental influence on cognitive and physical performance.     

传感器布设中有效独立法的简捷快速算法

本文提出一个通过正交三角分解快速计算有效独立法系数的方法。有效独立法是传感器布设中影响最广泛的一种方法,它使目标模态尽可能线性独立。传统的有效独立法计算需要对信息阵进行特征值分解或者计算矩阵逆,计算量较大。本文在笔者以前得出的有效独立法与模态动能法关系的基础上,提出先通过对模态矩阵进行正交三角分解(QR),然后比较其行范数即可得到有效独立法的系数,进而对各待选传感器位置进行排序并迭代依次删除。在待选传感器位置比感兴趣的模态数较多时,该法的计算效率明显提高。同时,采用正交三角分解删除一行后的更新算法,进一步提高了迭代计算的效率。最后通过I-40桥的算例表明该法的有效性。     

Assessing strategies to reconcile agriculture and bird conservation in the temperate grasslands of South America

Globally, agriculture is the greatest source of threat to biodiversity, through both ongoing conversion of natural habitat and intensification of existing farmland. Land sparing and land sharing have been suggested as alternative approaches to reconcile this threat with the need for land to produce food. To examine which approach holds most promise for grassland species, we examined how bird population densities changed with farm yield (production per unit area) in the Campos of Brazil and Uruguay. We obtained information on biodiversity and crop yields from 24 sites that differed in agricultural yield. Density–yield functions were fitted for 121 bird species to describe the response of population densities to increasing farm yield, measured in terms of both food energy and profit. We categorized individual species according to how their population changed across the yield gradient as being positively or negatively affected by farming and according to whether the species’ total population size was greater under land‐sparing, land‐sharing, or an intermediate strategy. Irrespective of the yield, most species were negatively affected by farming. Increasing yields reduced densities of approximately 80% of bird species. We estimated land sparing would result in larger populations than other sorts of strategies for 67% to 70% of negatively affected species, given current production levels, including three threatened species. This suggests that increasing yields in some areas while reducing grazing to low levels elsewhere may be the best option for bird conservation in these grasslands. Implementing such an approach would require conservation and production policies to be explicitly linked to support yield increases in farmed areas and concurrently guarantee that larger areas of lightly grazed natural grasslands are set aside for conservation.