Pros and cons of climate change in China

Climate change strongly affected the structure and functions of natural ecosystems, e.g. the vegetation productivity decreased in the Northeast permafrost region due to the higher temperature and less precipitation, whereas in the Tibetan Plateau, the vegetation productivity increased, owing to the improved thermal resource. Climate change led to reduced precipitation in North and Northeast China and thus the reduced surface runoff. The public needs for energy were changed because of climate change, e.g. the shorter heating period in winter. Climate change profoundly influenced human health, pathophoresis and major projects by increasing extreme events, including frequency and magnitude, and causing more serious water shortage. Under the background of climate change, although the improved thermal resources can be helpful for extending the crop growth period, more extreme events may resulted in more instability in agricultural productivity. Not only did climate change indirectly affect the secondary and tertiary industries through the impacts on agriculture and natural resources, but also climate change mitigation measures, such as carbon tax, tariff and trading, had extensive and profound influences on the socioeconomic system. Further analysis indicated that the impact of climate change presented significant regional differences. The impact had its pros and cons, while the advantages outweighed the disadvantages. Based on the above analysis on the impacts of climate change, we put forward suggestions on coping with climate change. First, scientifically dealing with climate change will need to seek advantages while avoiding the disadvantages of climate change in order to achieve the orderly adaptation to climate change, which is characterized with “Overall best, long-term benefit.” Second, quantitative adaptation should be given more attention, e.g. proposing operational schemes and predictable goals and using uncertainty analysis on adaptation measures. Third, more active coping strategy should be adopted to enhance China’s future comprehensive competitiveness. The strategies include but are not limited to gradually adjusting the industrial structure, intensifying the research and development (R&D) of emission reduction technology and actively responding to the influence of carbon tax, tariff and trading on socioeconomic development in China.     

基于ABAQUS二次开发的头盔防碰撞仿真系统及应用

目前国内的航空头盔设计仍依赖于经验设计,设计出来的头盔冗余较大,且需要大量的实验进行验证,研制周期长,效率低。针对这些问题,笔者基于ABAQUS平台,并针对航空头盔的特殊性进行二次开发,得到了一款能够进行防碰撞仿真的系统。应用该系统,仿真了3种不同规格的头盔,3种不同装配误差的泡沫硬衬垫共计6种模型的碰撞结果。仿真结果对头盔的设计有一定的指导价值。     

Screening of a potential leafhopper attractants and their applications in tea plantations

Abstract

Pheromones can be used as leafhopper attractants. However, commercial pheromone products, such as the Ingle lure, have certain limitations, including poor persistence in the field. In this study, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-ocimene, linalool, and geraniol were selected and behaviorally tested as potential leafhopper attractants. Y-tube olfactometer tests showed that the C2 formulation was more effective than other formulations. In tea field trials, the number of leafhoppers caught by sticky board traps baited with C2 lures was greater than that caught by treatment. The number of leafhoppers attracted by the C2 lures was greater than that attracted by the commercial Ingle lures. Additionally, the total amount of active C2 components on lures was greater than that of the active components on the lure after 14 days. Thus, the results indicated that the C2 formulation may attract leafhoppers and have a greater persistence than other formulations in tea field.     

碎斑熔岩相特征与相模式

本文在研究侵出相碎斑熔岩体产出的地质特征基础上,总结了其结构构造和组分特征的规律性变化,建立了四种形式的相模式。     

螯合型表面活性剂强化黑麦草修复Cd污染水体

采用水培试验,研究了新型螯合型表面活性剂N-十二酰基乙二胺三乙酸钠（LED3A）强化黑麦草修复Cd污染水体的效果,探讨了Cd或/和LED3A存在下黑麦草的生理响应以及LED3A对黑麦草除Cd性能的影响.结果表明：Cd显著抑制黑麦草生物量和光合色素含量,添加LED3A后抑制作用略有增强,CL100处理叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量较CL0分别降低了15.50%和8.18%. LED3A对黑麦草的生长无显著影响,对黑麦草细胞的相对电导率（REC）有一定的提高,可使细胞膜渗透性增加以利于黑麦草对Cd的吸收.Cd胁迫下适量添加LED3A,能提高黑麦草植株超氧化歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,起到清除活性氧（ROS）、缓解Cd毒害和抑制丙二醛（MDA）积累的作用.最佳LED3A添加量下（50mg/L）,黑麦草植株的总Cd累积量和转移系数较Cd单独处理时分别提高了74.39%和67.96%,Cd的去除率达到55.98%.研究表明添加LED3A可有效提高植物对Cd的修复效率.     

结合虚拟迭代技术的整车级道路模拟试验方法

目的 提出一种基于试验场实采道路载荷谱,通过虚拟迭代技术修正台架试验动力学模型,从而实现多系统的“整车级”道路模拟试验的方法。方法 围绕台架关联试验场坏路,基于累积损伤模型、四点雨流计数法和模态分析展开研究,通过道路载荷谱的采集,预处理、压缩,在台架上复现零部件于整车上的运动姿态、失效形式与模态振型。最终完成以整车道路载荷谱为期望信号的台架迭代,以虚拟迭代为指导的模型修正,建立车辆道路时序信号与试验台架加载谱的相关性转化映射关系,执行基于液压伺服七轴试验台的多轴耐久试验,并实现以计算机模态分析、疲劳分析为指导的联合验证。结果 各零部件的试验结果为合格,与试验场一致。实现了多系统的同时验证,准确复现待测系统的运动姿态、失效形式及模态信号。结论 该试验方法建立起了整车级道路模拟试验标准,即通过虚拟迭代试验技术调整台架试验的动力学模型,为多系统道路模拟试验迭代不收敛的情况提出了解决方案。     

基于应变模态方法的飞机蒙皮分布动载荷识别

目的解决飞机蒙皮分布动态载荷确定的工程实际问题。方法将基于广义正交多项式的复杂分布动载荷识别技术与应变模态理论相结合,建立利用有限个测点的应变响应和结构应变频响函数作为已知参数的飞机蒙皮分布动载荷识别模型。利用Nastran软件,以某型飞机机身中段外蒙皮为例,分别采用位移模态方法和应变模态方法进行了70、80、90、100 Hz下的蒙皮分布动载荷识别,并进行对比分析。结果以应变响应作为已知参数的应变模态载荷识别方法,在各计算频率下均具有较好的识别精度,最大识别误差为8.9%,能够满足工程应用。在各识别频率下,采用应变方法识别过程中的积分矩阵条件数小于位移方法。在100 Hz识别频率下增加3%随机误差干扰后,位移识别方法最大误差为19.4%,采用应变方法的载荷识别最大误差为9.8%。结论相比于传统的采用位移模态的载荷识别方法,以应变响应作为已知参数的应变模态载荷识别方法具有更好的数值稳定性,对于解决结构共振频率附近频响函数矩阵奇异性问题具有很好的应用价值。     

基于扫描式激光多普勒测振仪的叶片工作变形研究

目的保证叶片结构的完整性。方法采用结构工作变形分析理论,借助扫描式激光多普勒测振仪多点、非接触、高精度测量的优点,搭建了一套发动机叶片工作变形分析试验系统。通过振动台对叶片施加快速正弦扫频的基础激励,用测振仪测量叶片表面55个测点的速度响应,然后用工作变形分析方法得到该叶片的前6阶固有频率和振型,用模态置信准则评估上述6阶振型之间的相关性。结果该叶片振型由低阶到高阶依次是一阶弯曲、两种不同节线的一阶扭转、二阶弯曲、二阶扭转、弯扭耦合,不同阶次振型的MAC值都小于或等于0.2。结论不同模态振型之间的相关性很低,证明了工作变形分析结果的正确性。     

斜拉桥破损诊断技术的研究

针对钢筋腐蚀、疲劳、预应力松弛和桥梁整体倾斜或变形所引起的斜拉桥局部破损,以使用了15年的永和斜拉桥为研究对象,对斜拉桥破损诊断技术进行了研究,对该桥的破损位置进行了定位,对其破损程度进行了评价.利用有限元分析和现场振动测试结果,对破损前后的模态参数进行分析,提取了对破损状况较敏感的模态曲率作为斜拉桥破损诊断的参数,并从模态参数中选取部分点的分量,导出了可以指示斜拉桥桥面(主梁)大概损伤位置的损伤指标Id,可用以识别出斜拉桥发生破损的区段及破损程度.研究成果为永和斜拉桥的养护维修方案提供了技术支持.     

资源型城市刚性产业结构的问题与对策--以大庆市为例

资源型城市在中国经济发展过程中起着重要作用,但近年来随着资源的过度开发,资源型城市的发展面临着一系列问题.以大庆市为例,通过对大庆问题的分析,得出影响大庆发展的根本性问题是刚性产业结构,阐述了其带来的诸如经济发展缓慢、失业、政府能力低下等严重影响.在大庆自身优势的基础上,围绕解决刚性结构提出了发展措施.