Significant tipping points of sediment microeukaryotes forewarn increasing antibiotic pollution

Antibiotic pollution imposes urgent threats to public health and microbial-mediated ecological processes. Existing studies have primarily focused on bacterial responses to antibiotic pollution, but they ignored the microeukaryotic counterpart, though microeukaryotes are functionally important (e.g., predators and saprophytes) in microbial ecology. Herein, we explored how the assembly of sediment microeukaryotes was affected by increasing antibiotic pollution at the inlet (control) and across the outlet sites along a shrimp wastewater discharge channel. The structures of sediment microeukaryotic community were substantially altered by the increasing nutrient and antibiotic pollutions, which were primarily controlled by the direct effects of phosphate and ammonium (−0.645 and 0.507, respectively). In addition, tetracyclines exerted a large effect (0.209), including direct effect (0.326) and indirect effect (−0.117), on the microeukaryotic assembly. On the contrary, the fungal subcommunity was relatively resistant to antibiotic pollution. Segmented analysis depicted nonlinear responses of microeukaryotic genera to the antibiotic pollution gradient, as supported by the significant tipping points. We screened 30 antibiotic concentration-discriminatory taxa of microeukaryotes, which can quantitatively and accurately predict (98.7% accuracy) the in-situ antibiotic concentration. Sediment microeukaryotic (except fungal) community is sensitive to antibiotic pollution, and the identified bioindicators could be used for antibiotic pollution diagnosis.     

Responses to threat by female bobucks,<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Trichosurus caninus</Emphasis>, during different stages of offspring development

The costs of reproduction are widely recognised as a major selective force in the evolution of various behavioural and life-history characteristics. In particular, the behaviour of reproductively active animals is likely to change when breeding increases risk of predation. We investigated the effect of an experimentally derived threat on the vigilance and escape behaviour of female Trichosurus caninus with and without dependent offspring and at different stages of offspring development. Females with offspring showed a heightened response to the threat in comparison to females without offspring. In addition, females with offspring displayed a stronger response at earlier stages of their offsprings development.Communicated by P. Bednekoff     

燕麦对盐碱胁迫的反应和适应性

研究了自然盐碱胁迫对燕麦植株生长、水势、渗透调节物质质量分数以及对K 、Na 选择性吸收的影响,结果表明,随着土壤盐碱胁迫的增强燕麦植株生长受抑,叶片和根系的水势较对照均有所降低,其中裸燕麦较皮燕麦水势下降幅度大,表明裸燕麦比皮燕麦对盐碱胁迫更敏感。燕麦叶片内脯氨酸和可溶性糖累积。随着土壤盐碱胁迫的增强植株对Na 的吸收增加,对K 的吸收受到抑制,从而使w(Na )/w(K )和SNa K 值升高。在盐碱胁迫下,燕麦是以合成和积累有机溶质(脯氨酸和可溶性糖)以及吸收和积累无机离子(Na )来进行渗透调节,以适应盐碱胁迫。     

小麦铝抗性和敏感品系对铝胁迫的生理生化反应

研究了冬小麦Triticum aestivvum L.铝抗性品系T202和铝敏感品系T105幼苗经0，50μmol L^-1，75μmol L^-1，100μmol L^-1和150μmol L^-1铝处理后根部的生理生化变化．结果表明：小麦根生长被严重抑制；酸性磷酸酶活性增强，磷代谢激活；硝酸还原酶受到一定程度的抑制；葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶对铝浓度极其敏感；葡萄糖含量下降；而膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量上升，超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性升高和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量下降．证实：铝胁迫造成了氧化伤害，激活了植物体内的抗氧化系统．分析还表明，T202耐铝的各项指标优于T105，前者的代谢酶活性对铝胁迫的反应更为迅捷，并有良好的能量储备和调动机制来抵御铝胁迫及由此产生的胁迫．图8参14     

水体突发污染事件在线生物监测技术的发展和应用分析

自1800s以来,经过2个世纪的发展,针对水体突发污染事件的在线生物监测技术越来越完善,其所采用的分析指标主要包括生物行为变化(1900s至目前)、生物新陈代谢变化(1800s至目前)和生物电变化(1980s至目前)等3种,其中,应用最广泛、发展最完善的为基于生物行为指标的在线生物监测技术。进入21世纪以来,在线生物监测技术得到快速发展和普遍应用。中国、美国、德国、韩国和瑞典等国家已经大规模应用基于不同生物指标的在线生物监测技术,以实现对水体突发污染事件的有效监管。随着计算和分析技术的进一步发展,在线生物监测技术也会越来越完善,在维持社会稳定、保证经济可持续发展以及保障人民饮水安全方面将会发挥越来越重要的作用。     

秦岭植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候变化与人类活动的双重响应

论文基于MODIS-NDVI数据、DEM及气象数据,辅以趋势分析、多元回归残差法、偏最小二乘回归法,反演了秦岭地区2000—2015年植被覆盖度及分析了其“格局—过程—趋势”的变化特征,探究了其对气候变化与人类活动的双重响应机制。结果表明：1）秦岭地区近16 a来植被覆盖度呈显著上升趋势,增速为2.77%/10 a,呈“中间高、周边低,西部高、东部低,南坡高、北坡低”的空间格局,植被覆盖度随海拔的升高在2 200 m左右达到最大,700~3 200 m达0.7以上,1 300~2 700 m达0.9以上,3 400 m以上为0.5以下的低值区;2）秦岭地区的植被覆盖与气候因子的响应关系存在明显的空间差异,对气温的响应总体上没有明显的时滞效应,而与降水的响应存在以滞后1个月为主的时滞效应;3）人类活动对秦岭地区植被变化的作用日趋增强,且以正向作用为主,主要分布在东部地区,而负向作用则分布于中部和西部地区;4）秦岭地区植被变化是气候变化和人类活动共同作用的结果,影响因子对植被覆盖变化的解释能力依次为人类活动>降水>气温>潜在蒸散量。     

大型热环境试验技术的最新进展

总结了近年来航天大型热环境试验方面最新成果,主要对热环境以及热强度、热模态、热振动等力热复合试验与相关物理量测量方面的工作进行了归纳,并指出了存在的不足以及未来发展的方向。通过工程加热能力和传感器承受能力的不同,建模分析预示,采取了温度分段加热实现的方案,试验及测量技术等方面取得显著成果,但由于飞行器复杂,传热及力热耦合影响,在热结构精细分析预示与试验技术方面,特别是在试验建模验模为基础的虚拟试验技术方面尚需大量研究。应坚持理论与试验、工程研制与研究相结合的方式,不断完善持续改进,实现动力学精细化预示与天地一致性试验。     

含复杂管路的某机构模态参数识别研究

目的获取复杂结构产品的模态参数及动态性能。方法采用基于冲击激励的试件自由模态分析试验,综合分析频响函数曲线幅值,确定局部结构模态频率点,利用半功率带宽法和专用分析软件分别计算模态阻尼比和模态振型。结果识别出影响某机构动态性能关键部件的模态参数。结论发现机构外壳模态频率远离冷却装置频率点,冷却管一阶横向模态由自身结构特性产生,二阶及纵向模态由减压阀模态引起。气体导管的动态特性主要受冷却装置模态的影响。     

水下振动台关键技术的研究

本文从理论和实践两方面分析研究了水下振动台的若干关键技术问题,主要包括运动部件的设计、冷却系统的设计、密封系统的设计、压力平衡系统的设计等。解决了水下振动台设计所存在的难题。     

Issues in developing a capacity for integrated analysis of mitigation and adaptation

As policymakers and stakeholders increasingly consider relative merits and complementarities of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, it is important to improve analytical capacities to support this process. Because a single analytical approach is unlikely to fit all needs, this paper explores potentials for an integrated analytical framework that incorporates both top–down and bottom–up approaches.