温州城市河流河岸带土壤中PAHs的污染特征与来源

为研究城市河流河岸带土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染特征,于2010年8月沿温州九山外河和山下河河岸带采集了21个表层土壤样品,利用加速溶剂萃取仪（ASE）萃取,净化柱提取净化,使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析了土壤中18种PAHs的含量.结果表明,温州九山外河和山下河河岸带表层土壤中PAHs含量范围为60.7～3 871.3 ng·g-1,山下河河岸带土壤中ΣPAHs含量显著低于九山外河.两条河流河岸带土壤中的PAHs均以2、3环的低环为主,平均占到PAHs总量的62.47%～72.51%.与国内外其他研究地区土壤中PAHs含量相比,研究河段河岸带土壤中的PAHs处于中等污染水平,但有3个样品中BaP浓度远大于前苏联土壤标准,应引起足够重视.利用Ant/（Ant＋Phe）和Fla/（Fla＋Pyr）比值法和主成分分析方法进行判源,温州城市河流河岸带土壤中的PAHs均表现出明显的燃烧源和石油源的综合来源特征。     

南京外秦淮河河岸带原生植被初步调查

对南京外秦淮河河岸带原生植被进行了初步调查.外秦淮河河岸带原生植被共有28科、50属、53种,其中漂浮植物4种,占7.55%,沉水植物1种,占1.89%,挺水和湿生植物13种,占24.53%,陆生草本和藤本植物24种,占45.28%,乔木和灌木11种,占20.75%.在概括外秦淮河自然环境和分析原生植被主要特征的基础上,提出在进行河岸带植被群落重建时应注重闸下段河岸带植被群落的重建,增加沉水植物、浮叶植物和观赏性植物的种植.另外,植被群落可按河道垂向的常水位以下区域、变化水位区域和洪水位以上区域来构建.     

Shallow groundwater nitrogen responses to different land use managements in the riparian zone of Yuqiao Reservoir in North China

This field study investigated the nitrogen concentrations in the shallow groundwater from an ephemeral stream and four land uses:cropland,two-year restored (2yr) and five-years restored (5yr) woodlands,fishponds,and the nitrogen flux in the riparian zone of Yuqiao Reservoir.The groundwater nitrate-N concentrations in cropland were the highest among the four land uses.Total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and nitrate-N concentrations in the 2yr woodland were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in 5yr woodland.The lowest nitrogen concentrations were detected in fishponds.Nitrate-N was the main form in cropland and 2yr woodland,whereas both nitrate-N and diSSolved organic nitrogen (DON) were the main species in 5yr woodland and fishponds.But,ammonium-N was the main form in the ephemeral stream.During the rainy season,the groundwater flow wim dissolved nitrogen drains from upland into the reservoir along the hydraulic gradient.The woodland between the cropland and reservoir could act as a buffer to retain shallow groundwater nitrogen.The dominant form of ammonium-N in the groundwater TDN pool in ephemeral stream indicated that nitrogen from the village and orchard in upland flowed into the reservoir via subsurface flow.The fishpond Was not an important pollution source for nitrogen transfer via shallow groundwater.     

三峡消落带适生植物根系活动调控土壤养分与细菌群落多样性特征

植物通过根系分泌修饰根际土壤微环境.从植物根系-土壤-微生物三者密切关联的根际土壤微环境角度,研究三峡消落带植被修复重建后根部土壤微生态动态特征,对于认识和评估消落带退化土壤环境的生态修复工作具有重要意义.从三峡库区忠县石宝寨汝溪河消落带植被修复示范基地采集人工植被中4种优势植物落羽杉(Taxodium distichum)、立柳(Salix matsudana)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)和牛鞭草(Hemarthria altissima)的根际与非根际土壤,探究其根际与非根际土壤的养分含量与酶活性差异,同时通过高通量测序进行细菌群落多样性分析,以阐明三峡消落带不同物种逆境胁迫下的生长适应性以及养分利用策略.结果表明:①三峡库区消落带4种适生植物根系活动导致根际与非根际土壤养分含量产生显著差异,主要表现为根际土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮以及有效磷的显著富集,而钾素在不同物种间的根际效应变化趋势并不一致;②蔗糖酶、脲酶以及酸性磷酸酶在4种适生植物中均表现出正向根际效应(R/S>1),但由于不同物种生理特征的差异,不同物种根系活动对3种土壤酶的激活效应存在差异;③高通量...