地下水污染对人体血象影响的调查分析

通过对葫芦岛市某河流域长期饮用受污染地下水的居民的血象调查 ,分析了可能导致异变的原因 ,提出地下水的化学污染可能是血液细胞毒理学变化的因素之一     

Response of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), fed on cotton bolls under elevated CO2

The growth, development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）, fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2 （double-ambient vs. ambient） in open-top chambers were examined. Significant decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content and increases in free fatty acid were observed in cotton bolls. Changes in quality of cotton bolls affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera. Significantly longer larval development duration in three successive generations and lower pupal weight of the second and third generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower fecundity was also found in successive three generations of H. armigera fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The consumption per larva occurred significant increase in successive three generations and frass per larva were also significantly increased during the second and third generations under elevated CO2. Significantly lower relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food and significant higher relative consumption rate in successive three generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower potential female fecundity, larval numbers and population consumption were found in the second and third generations of cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The integrative effect of higher larval mortality rate and lower adult fecundity resulted in significant decreases in potential population consumption in the latter two generations. The results show that elevated CO2 adversely affects cotton bolls quality, which indicates the potential population dynamics and potential population consumption of cotton bollworm will alleviate the harm to the plants in the future rising CO2 atmosphere.     

微纳米气泡耦合FexS催化氧化去除烟气中NO

采用固体废物锍铁化合物（记为Fe_xS）作为催化剂,耦合微纳米气泡催化氧化去除烟气中NO,考察了不同工艺条件下的去除效果,运用XRD、SEM和EDS技术对反应前后的Fe_xS进行了表征,探究了反应机理。实验结果表明,在Fe_xS粒径为0.038~0.053 mm、Fe_xS投加量为5 g、NaCl质量浓度为0.3 g/L、溶液pH为5、进气NO质量浓度为6.7 mg/L的最佳工艺条件下,NO去除率高达95.3%。表征结果显示,反应后的Fe_xS较反应前没有明显的物相变化,Fe_xS表面的微量物质催化了NO的氧化去除。     

磁场强化臭氧液相传质

对不同种气液接触方式的臭氧气液传质性能进行了研究,考察了磁场作用下的臭氧进气量,液面高度以及液相p H值对微气泡臭氧传质效果的影响规律。实验研究表明,相同实验条件下,采用微气泡附加磁场(磁铁相吸)比底部曝气盘和微气泡发生器接触方式,液相中溶解的臭氧浓度分别提高了72.6%和11.4%,经过30 min后,水中溶解的臭氧浓度为8.91 mg/L,传质系数为0.2272 min-1,传质系数显著提高;在磁场的作用下的微气泡臭氧接触方式,臭氧气体流量较小的情况下,臭氧在液相溶解效率较高,液面高度h越高溶解的臭氧浓度越低,传质系数kLa值随着气液流量的增加而增加,但是随着液面高度h的增加而降低,液相的p H值也影响着传质效果,p H越低,水中溶解的臭氧浓度越高,传质系数越高。     

大气排污交易政策在我国的试点

在分析国内外近年来环境管理思想及策略发展的基础上,以实例说明了大气排污交易政策在我国实施的重要意义及强大的生命力。大气排污交易由泡泡政策、补偿政策、净得政策、排污量存储政策组成。现阶段我国实施大气排污交易政策主要在同一厂区＂以新带老＂、排污补偿及可用购买盈余排污量来达到排放标准三方面进行。文章还论述了排污交易量、排污交易费用确定的原则及管理办法。     

Bubble performance of a novel dissolved air flotation(DAF) unit

ES-DAF, a novel DAF with low cost, high reliability and easy controllability, was studied. Without a costly air saturator, ESDAF consists of an ejector and a static mixer between the pressure side and suction side of the recycle rotary pump. The bubble size distribution in this novel unit was studied in detail by using a newly developed CCD imagination through a microscope. Compared with MDAF under the same saturation pressure, ES-DAF can produce smaller bubble size and higher bubble volume concentration, especially in lower pressure. In addition, the bubble size decreases with the increase of reflux ratio or decrease of superficial air-water ratio. These results suggested that smaller bubbles will be formed when the initial number of nucleation sites increases by enhancing the turbulence intensity in the saturation system.     

Stochastic Pollution, Permits, and Merger Incentives

Pollution permit regulations introduce nonlinearities into the objective function of a polluting firm. We develop a microeconomic model to show the effects these nonlinearities might have upon firm decisions when emissions are stochastic. Under perfect competition the fraction of planned pollution covered by permits is shown to be separable from planned production. We also demonstrate that permit management incentives may motivate a merger of otherwise independent firms. Incentives to petition for “bubble” coverage are also considered. The model is studied under risk neutrality and risk aversion. Imperfectly competitive situations in the output and permit markets are also analyzed.     

气泡直径对气-液-污泥流态及污泥颗粒化的影响

通过建立三维Eulerian-Eulerian模型,用计算流体动力学模拟了鼓泡好氧活性污泥反应器中,不同气泡直径下气-液-污泥三相流的流态,分析了反应器内的流体动力学特性,并研究了其对污泥颗粒化的影响机理.结果表明：曝气头表面的孔径大小与反应器中气含率负相关,而与污泥所受的水力剪切速率正相关.气相、液相速度与曝气头的孔径和表观气速正相关.反应器中的流态由尺度较大的环流和尺度较小的旋涡构成.随着表观气速和入口气泡直径的增加,液相和颗粒的流态均由尺度较大的环流转变为尺度较小的旋涡.相同曝气孔径时,液相与颗粒的流态之间存在差异,且气泡直径越小,表观气速越大,两者的差异越明显.为满足好氧污泥颗粒化所需的凝聚条件,反应器中曝气头孔径应大于1mm.     

利用废钻井液净化柴油机废气技术研究

以喷射鼓泡吸收器为净化装置,研究了废钻井液脱除柴油机废气中有害物质的机理,考察了气体喷射速度、吸收剂浓度、吸收剂液高及柴油机工况对废气脱除效果的影响,得出了适宜的操作参数。实验结果表明,废钻井液吸收剂具有表面活性和胶体吸附性,可以全面清除柴油机废气中的有害物质。其中碳烟脱除率可达到68％。HC、SO2和NOx的脱除率可分别达到80％、95％和90％以上,排烟黑度低于1.0Rb。     

曝气条件对等温层曝气器充氧性能的影响

分析了等温层曝气器曝气室内气泡—水接触界面的氧传质过程,确定了表征氧传质效果的各项参数,在双膜理论基础上建立了等温层曝气充氧动力学模型及其解析方法.应用本模型预测了美国Prince湖等温层曝气器的充氧效果.根据等温层曝气充氧动力学模型的预测结果,随曝气量的增加和气泡直径的减小,氧总传质系数和氧传质速率均增大;随曝气量和气泡直径的增大,曝气效率下降.在等温层曝气器结构固定的情况下,减小气泡直径和增加水深均有利于改善曝气室的充氧效果,尤其是当气泡直径达到μm级别时;当曝气量超过一定临界值0.06m3/s时,曝气室的充氧效果略有削弱.根据曝气量对氧传质速率、曝气效率和单位时间内曝气室的充氧量的影响特性曲线,可确定等温层曝气器的优化运行条件.