矿山清洁生产示范研究

矿山清洁生产具有双重性。矿山生命周期决定了矿山清洁生产体系的特殊性。矿山清洁生产体系是由培训体系、生命周期清洁生产体系和监合与审核体系构成的一个系统，生命周期清洁生产体系包括从资源勘探-规划设计-开发-闭矿-后续土地利用与监测的各个阶段。与其他行业相比，矿山清洁生产难度大且明显滞后，开展矿山清洁生产示范研究势在必行。     

振动加载下转换型密封电磁继电器的性能退化行为研究

目的研究航空用继电器的失效机理。方法通过对电磁继电器进行振动与工作载荷单独施加以及二者综合加载情况下的试验方法及性能退化行为研究,实时监测继电器内部触点间接触电阻等性能参数的变化趋势,并对不同条件下触点表面的微观形貌进行对比分析。结果发现相比较工作载荷单独施加而言,振动应力的加入使得继电器的寿命大幅度降低,并使得触点表面呈现"雪花"一般的形貌。结论振动环境导致了触点之间电弧的变化,以及触点表面接触压力、接触面积和接触超程等,并通过燃弧时间和超程时间的变化趋势对其进行了验证。     

EFFECTS OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT ON THE QUALITY OF WHITE RIVER,INDIANA1

ABSTRACT: In 1983, the City of Indianapolis, Indiana, completed construction of advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) systems to enlarge and upgrade its existing Belmont Road and South port Road secondary treatment plants. A nonparametric statistical procedure, a modified form of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum test, was used to test for trends in water quality at two upstream and two downstream sites on White River and at the two treatment plants. Results comparing the pre- (1978–1980) and post- (1983–1986) AWT periods show statistically significant improvements in the quality of the treated effluent and of the White River downstream from the plants. Water quality at sites upstream from the city was relatively constant during the period of study. Total ammonia (as N) decreased 14.6 mg/L and BOD₅ (five-day biochemical oxygen demand) decreased 10 to 19 mg/L in the two effluents. Total ammonia in the river downstream from the plants decreased 0.8 to 1.9 mg/L and BOD₅ decreased 2.3 to 2.5 mg/L. Nitrate (as N) increased 14.5 mg/L in the plant effluents and 2.0 to 2.4 mg/L in the river because of in-plant nitrification. Dissolved oxygen concentration in the river increased about 3 mg/L because of reduced oxygen demand for nitrification and biochemical oxidation processes.     

基于MIKE 21的长江江山制药排污口水环境影响分析——以江山制药公司污水处理站为例

为分析长江沿岸入河排污口设置对水环境的影响,采用MIKE 21建立了长江马鞍山-高桥段二维非稳态水量水质模型,并以江山制药公司污水处理站为例,对其排污口迁址改建前后的水环境影响进行模拟.结果 表明,较于原排污口排放,拟设排污口在执行新排放标准情况下,对九圩港入江断面水质有改善作用,COD、NH3-N、TP的改善率分别为...     

人工曝气复氧整治污染河流

向受到严重有机污染的河流充入溶解氧可以有效消除水体的黑臭,改善水质和恢复生态平衡。文章总结了纯氧增氧系统、鼓风机———微孔布气管曝气系统、叶轮吸气推流式曝气器和水下射流曝气设备等多种使用于河道人工曝气复氧的技术;并列举大量国内外的相关工程实例说明这些技术在实践中的有效性。     

多泥沙河流水质模型研究

针对黄河泥沙含量大、泥沙对河流CODMn浓度影响大的突出特点,运用模拟实验方法,探讨了泥沙对CODMn浓度的影响,揭示了浑水、清水中CODMn浓度与含沙量间的关系.研究表明,黄河浑水中CODMn浓度随含沙量增大呈显著上升趋势,而去除泥沙后清水CODMn浓度测定值随其原含沙量增大呈微上升趋势.依据质量平衡原理,建立了充分考虑泥沙影响的CODMn衰减经验模型.清水中CODMn浓度的变化采用完全混合反应器概念来模拟,浑水中CODMn浓度通过清水中CODMn浓度与泥沙中CODMn浓度之和来量化.模型基本方程的求解采用稳态解析解.模型中的参数通过利用实际监测数据及室内实验结果与优化结合的方法确定.同时,利用实际监测数据对参数和模型进行检验.结果表明,模型结构合理,参数取值可靠,模型精度较好.模型既能揭示汇流区间人为污染对河段水质的影响,又可以反映作为面污染源的黄河泥沙对污染的影响,可作为水质预测的实用工具及规划管理的依据.     

电袋复合除尘器中产生氧化性物质的研究

针对电袋复合除尘器前级电场电晕放电有可能会产生臭氧,而臭氧又迅速与烟气中NO反应生成NO2这一猜想,通过对实际工况下电袋复合除尘器中臭氧含量和NOX浓度进行的测试,得出电袋复合除尘器中并无臭氧产生,且NO2浓度也未增加。但烟气中NO2浓度已经接近除尘器PPS滤料在使用温度下(150℃)所能承受的最高限值,PPS滤料会因发生氧化而失效,缩短滤料使用寿命。     

天然气管道失效个人生命风险评价技术研究

为研究天然气长输管道失效个人生命风险,提出一种以人员伤亡概率为指标的天然气管道失效后果风险评价方法。基于天然气管道的失效概率和失效致死长度参数,建立天然气长输管道生命风险评价模型。用该模型,对国内某城市住宅小区内带腐蚀缺陷的天然气管线进行定量风险分析。借鉴英国天然气输送公司数据,确定天然气管线个人生命风险值。案例证明,用所建立的天然气管道失效个人生命风险评价模型能够有效地分析带缺陷天然气管道失效后果,实现天然气管道的个人安全生命风险全定量评价。     

基于Matlab的火灾探测报警系统可靠度Monte Carlo仿真

介绍了火灾探测报警系统的结构,指出了火灾探测报警系统失效原因,针对火灾探测报警系统的特点,确定了蒙特卡洛可靠度分析法.给出了系统的概率模型,确定了在Matlab下应用Monte Carlo方法对火灾探测报警系统的可靠度进行仿真的具体步骤,得到火灾探测报警系统可靠度仿真曲线.将仿真结果与试验结果相比较,基本一致,验证了该仿真方法能正确描述火灾探测报警系统的可靠度随使用寿命的变化规律,为进一步应用该方法来分析火灾探测报警系统的的各可靠性指标提供了理论基础.     

Perceived changes in well-being and happiness with gardening in urban organic allotments in Portugal

Urban allotment gardens (AG) in Portugal have increased in recent years, as in many other European countries and worldwide. The contribution of these gardens to the happiness and well-being of urban populations has been recognized, but evaluations of their benefits are still very scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate this contribution, based on the urban organic AG of the Devesa Park in Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal. The sample included 65 gardeners who completed the self-administered questionnaires of Bem-Estar Pessoal (personal well-being scale), Felicidade Subjetiva (subjective happiness scale) and sociodemographic characteristics. Respondents were mainly adults under 65 years, married and academically well qualified and about half of them had a professional activity, with nearly one third being retired. They considered themselves happy with their life (Personal Well-being Index = 74.5%) and revealed an optimistic and positive attitude towards life, regardless of economic or social difficulties. The increased frequency of visits for gardening was positively related to a greater perception of subjective happiness. The gardeners who visited the AG more frequently considered themselves happier from a self-perspective and in comparison with peers. It can be suggested that urban organic AG represent a means for enhancing citizen well-being, contributing positively to their feelings of happiness and life satisfaction, changing behaviours and developing personal capacities. Beyond economic measures, urban AG can be recommended to capture the well-being of societies.