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531.
532.
潜流人工湿地处理污染河水冬季运行及升温强化处理研究 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8
考察了冬季潜流人工湿地污染河水处理系统在不同水力负荷下对污染物去除的效果.结果表明,水温15℃左右时,水力负荷由30cm/d降低到15cm/d后,氨氮转化率由14%上升到39%,COD的平均去除率由20%上升到31%,水温的降低对氨氮去除效果有很大的影响.在湿地表面覆盖塑料地膜能有效地提高系统对污染物的去除效果,覆盖地膜后,氨氮平均去除率由29.4%上升到67.6%,COD的平均去除率由29.0%提高到46.6%,脲酶活性由0.025 mg/(g·d)上升到0.037 mg/(g·d),脱氢酶的活性由0.17μL/(d·g)上升到4.54μL/(d·g).微生物活性研究表明,覆盖地膜后系统温度的升高能提高系统中微生物的活性.植物污染物质释放试验表明,冬季地表植物腐烂会向水中释放大量的污染物质,影响系统的净化效果,因此秋季应对湿地植物及时进行收割. 相似文献
533.
河流与海洋溶解有机物荧光激发-发射矩阵光谱的测定 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对河流与海洋现场样品、微藻培养液和牛血清蛋白溶液的实验,确定了HITACHI F-4500型荧光分光光度计的测定河流和海洋溶解有机物荧光激发-发射矩阵光谱的激发和发射通带分别为5 nm和10 nm,波长扫描速度为12 000 nm/min,标准偏差在0.6%~8%。 相似文献
534.
生态流量保障的重难点在于流域生态流量不足问题的妥善解决。生态流量不足基于产生的原因可分为“自然型”和“人为型”。“人为型”生态流量不足的根源在于《水法》第4条规定的三生用水关系未得到妥善处理,实质上是水资源分配和管理不合理所致。具体表现为水资源保护理念镶嵌在制度表层、生态流量缺乏核心制度保障、流域规划匮乏强效监督机制、流域水资源分配信息公开不足、末端行政考核制度偏重水质管控、生态用水制度顶层设计与地方实施间落差巨大等。流域立法作为立法体系的中间环节,对上位法具有填补协调功能,对地方立法具有引领指导作用。建议在流域立法过程中,通过制度设计解构流域生态流量保障现存的制度困境,主要包括以下几个方面:一是完成流域特有保护理念到实体制度的转型。二是基于流域生态修复、水资源生态红线管控制度的开展以及有效衔接规划环境影响评价制度的需要,建立生态流量管控指标制度体系不可或缺。三是基于流域规划对三生用水的初始分配性,将生态流量供给纳入流域规划体系中,从水资源分配初始阶段保障生态流量,同时强化流域水资源规划制度的监督机制,健全规划制定的程序性规范,明确科学考察和调查评价人员的构成规则、方式及模式。四是依法加深政府信息公开程度保障公众的知情权、参与权及监督权。五是完善行政考核制度体系强化对生态流量供给的考核。 相似文献
535.
The transboundary River Nestos in the Balkan Peninsula is a surface water resource shared by Hellas and Bulgaria. The Public Power Corporation of Hellas (DEH) proceeded to the dams' construction of Thesaurus in 1997 and Platanovrissi in 2000, to satisfy the increased needs for power
production and irrigation in the Regions of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace in the Hellenic Territory. DEH following the Ministerial
Agreement of the Hellenic Parliament ‘`KYA 18492/19—09—1996’' funded a series of Research Projects concerned on the monitoring
of the water quantity and quality data of Nestos from the Hellenic-Bulgarian borders to its estuaries in the Thracian sea.
‘`PERSEAS’' Research Group from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, carried out the research, design, construction, installation,
operation and maintenance of the ‘`R.E.MO.S.’' (Remote Environmental MOnitoring System) networks. Three REMOS networks have
been installed in the areas of (a) the River Nestos deltaic channel, (b) Thesaurus dam-lake in the intramountainous valley
and (c) Potamoi (Despat) and Pagoneri (Nestos) villages close to the borders between Hellas and Bulgaria. They record water
level (H), water and air temperature (T), water conductivity (ECw), Redox potential (RP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) on a 24h
basis, since the beginning of the year 2000. The research carried out in this paper, is focused on the REMOS station in the
final course of Nestos in the deltaic area. The continuous monitoring and the data analysis yield useful results for the quality
and quantity of the hydrologic regime of Nestos after the dams' construction, as well as for the trends detected of the quality
parameters (ECw, RP and DO) and the water level, using the nonparametric Spearman's criterion. The best fitted model of time
trend, for each variable, was chosen. The statistical sample of each one of the quality variables consisted of about 1000
values based on daily measures on a three years monitoring program (1/1/2000—31/12/2002). Further research and analysis for
the other network stations of REMOS should provide useful results for the sustainable management of the transboundary River
Nestos. 相似文献
536.
Sileika AS Stålnacke P Kutra S Gaigalis K Berankiene L 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,122(1-3):335-354
There are discordant results on trends in nutrient river water quality from the economical transition countries in Europe. The present study assessed the impact of these economical changes on the load and concentration at 17 monitoring stations along the Nemunas River and its major tributaries (Lithuania and Belarus). Three time periods were evaluated: the Soviet rule command system period 1986–1991, the transfer to market economy period 1992–1996 and the post reform period 1997–2002. The most surprising result in this study, was the increased area-specific load of NO3-N from the first to the third period at almost all the sampling sites. The increase was particularly large (43–78%) at the sites in the Lithuanian part of the river. The corresponding load increase in the Belarussian part of the river was only 1–15%. The statistical analyses of concentration data confirm the strong upward NO3-N trend at the Nemunas mouth and at 5 of the 6 tributaries in the lower part of Nemunas. Temporal and spatial analysis of nitrates transport in the Nemunas River and its main tributaries revealed that nitrates mainly originate from agricultural areas. The upward trends were most likely an effect of ploughing of pastures and unbalanced crop fertilisation in combination with large storage and accumulation of soil-nitrogen during the Soviet period.On contrary to nitrate-N, the area-specific load of PO4-P decreased significantly from the first to the third period at all sites along the Nemunas River (31–86%). Seasonal (SMK) and Partial (PMK) Mann-Kendall tests on PO4-P concentrations also showed significant downward trend at 14 of 16 investigated sites. The decrease of PO4-P levels was attributed to the reduction of municipal and industrial point source emissions and to the decreased livestock numbers.The NH4-N load showed the same pattern as PO4-P. At the river mouth the load was 90 kg km−2 yr−1 during the first period compared to only 20–30 kg km−2 yr−1 in the third period. The trend test on NH4-N concentrations detected significant downward trends at 5 out of 16 sites. The declines were explained by decreased emissions from cities and large animal breeding farms.This study showed that trend analysis at multiple sites in a river basin is crucial for the understanding of the variability in time and space. Such analysis is also important for our interpretation of underlying sources and fluxes in a drainage basin over time. This is particularly important for compounds that have different source origin. 相似文献
537.
改良式人工湿地处理乡镇河流污水工程应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用改良式潜流人工湿地工艺处理乡镇河流污水,结果表明,处理系统稳定,操作简单,维持技术要求低,投资低,运行费用低,处理效果好.对于治理乡镇生活及河流污水具有较大的推广应用价值. 相似文献
538.
瞬时源示踪实验确定河流纵向离散系数和横向混合系数的线性回归法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从瞬时源二维浓度公式出发,经数学推导得出一直线方程Y=AT+B,变量Y、T可由t、c、c’_t来表示.系数A、B含有待确定的参数D_x、D_y,河流纵向和横向流速u、v,以及观测点坐标x、y.由实验观测数据(c_i,I_i通过线性回归可确定A、B,进而解二元代数方程组求出纵向离散系数D_x及横向混合系数D_y. 相似文献
539.
540.