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611.
612.
Cohesive sediments besides their typical heterogeneity are characterised by structural discontinuity. Particularly, organic
consolidated muds are a good example of sediments that consist of vast aggregates, pore water and gaseous products. The texture
of a cohesive sediment bed is a result of a number of mutually affecting factors, such as deposition history, mineral and
organic composition, kind of biota and oxygen uptake. The presented work attempts to quantify the effect of sediment physical
properties and sediments structure on the sediment erosion potential, considering incipient motion and erosion rate. This
quantification is made on the basis of comparative testing of both unremoulded and remoulded samples of a river mud. Due attention
is paid to sediment handling to preserve the delicate structure of the sediment for the laboratory experiments. Mud with two
degrees of consolidation has been examined in a tilting flume under different flow situations. The test results show a typical
increase of erosion strength with dry matter concentration of the mud. It has also been found that the structural properties
increase the erosion strength for the less consolidated mud. An opposite effect has been recorded for a more consolidated
deposit. As a consequence, due to the sediment structure, the original beds differ much less in erosion resistance in relation
to the dry mass concentration than their disturbed analogues. Finally, the erosion resistance of the examined mud is compared
with data from the literature. 相似文献
613.
614.
We used data from various space-borne sensors to monitor the marine ecosystem in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, at the
Costa Dorada, between the City of Barcelona and the estuary of the river Ebro. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that
the combination of different remote sensing data (acquired at different electromagnetic frequencies) allows for an improved
monitoring system, in particular for a better monitoring of the marine ecosystem and, hence, a better coastal zone management.
We present remote sensing data acquired by the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR)
aboard the Second European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-2), and by the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (Sea WiFS) on
the SeaStar satellite. By combining the different data we are able to overcome specific drawbacks of the single sensors, like
an insufficient temporal coverage, or a strong dependence on weather and daylight conditions.
Within the study area two main features have been selected as examples, which are well visible on many of the analysed images.
The first one exhibits a higher load of chlorophyll-a and surface-active compounds and a lower sea surface temperature (SST),
which is likely to be caused by the plume of the river Llobregat, southwest of Barcelona. It can clearly be seen from the
imagery how the river plume is driven along the coast by the local currents. The second feature can be related to cooling
water being released from a nuclear power plant and causing turbulence in the water body, which in turn gives rise to signatures
visible on the ERS-SAR imagery. 相似文献
615.
616.
Nitrate, ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations were measured in the lower reaches of the River Test in Hampshire to assess the impact of two effluent point sources. An 18-month survey from July 2001 to December 2002 was carried out at locations above and below fish farm inputs and a sewage effluent outfall. The concentration of nitrate exceeded 400 M at the four sites on all sample dates. A consistent increase in ammonium concentration was measured downstream of the fish farm, but not the sewage effluent input. DON samples collected downstream of the fish farm did not show a consistent increase in concentration, compared with the upstream sampling location, whereas the sewage effluent input at Romsey was a point source of DON to the River Test with a mean increase of 15 M. Nitrate was the major component of dissolved nitrogen in this aquifer-fed chalk-bed river system, with up to 10% being DON and ammonium comprising <1%. 相似文献
617.
大春河小流域水土保持综合治理成效显著,是一个高标准、大规模、好效益的集综合防治、科技推广、试验示范于一体的"精品小流域",为水土流失综合治理与农业产业结构调整起了很好的示范作用。 相似文献
618.
流域地表生态信息的卫星遥感图像处理技术 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以福建省九龙江流域为例,利用计算机技术和遥感-GIS工具软件,探讨利用多源卫星遥感影像获取流域地表环境信息的图像处理与分析技术,列举卫星遥感可获取的流域地表生态环境专题信息。重点分析利用遥感-GIS界定流域范围的方法、流域地表覆盖状况和植被覆盖密度的卫星遥感影像处理方法。 相似文献
619.
Jeffrey R. Chiarenzelli Ronald J. Scrudato Michele L. Wunderlich James J. Pagano 《Chemosphere》2001,45(8):1159-1165
A combined treatment process utilizing steam distillation followed by electrochemical peroxidation (ECP) has been utilized to remove >90% of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in St. Lawrence River sediment and destroy 95% of the PCBs recovered in the condensate. 2 l of condensate were collected by boiling 500 grams of sediment containing 4.3 mg PCBs. Most of the PCBs (82.3%) were recovered as a small volume (<1 ml) of yellow oil floating on the condensate and coating glassware surfaces. The aqueous phase PCBs (182 μg/l) were destroyed (95%) by three sequential ECP treatments at 16.8°C and pH 5, utilizing 1 ml of H2O2 (3%) and periodically reversed current (0.75–1.0 A @ 10 volts). Oxidation is primarily mediated by hydroxyl radicals produced by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with electrochemically generated ferrous iron (Fenton's reagent). This work suggests steam extraction, in combination with advanced oxidation technologies, provides an effective treatment strategy for contaminated solids. 相似文献
620.