Reduced complexity models for regional aquatic habitat suitability assessment

Generalizable methods that identify suitable aquatic habitat across large river basins and regions are needed to inform resource management. Habitat suitability models intersect environmental variables to predict species occurrence, but are often data intensive and thus are typically developed at small spatial scales. This study estimated mean monthly aquatic habitat suitability throughout Utah (USA) for Bonneville Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) and Bluehead Sucker (Catostomus discobolus) with publicly available, geospatial datasets. We evaluated 15 habitat suitability models using unique combinations of percent of mean annual discharge, velocity, gradient, and stream temperature. Environmental variables were validated with observed conditions and species presence observations to verify habitat suitability estimates. Stream temperature, gradient, and discharge best predicted Bonneville Cutthroat Trout presence, and gradient and discharge best predicted Bluehead Sucker presence. Simple aquatic habitat suitability models outperformed models that used only streamflow to estimate habitat for both species, and are useful for conservation planning and water resources decision-making. This modeling approach could enable resource managers to prioritize stream restoration across vast regions within their management domain, and is potentially compatible with water management modeling to improve ecological objectives in management models.     

Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and eutrophication assessment for a typical arid river—Fuyang River in northern China

Based on water quality surveys over 2 years(July to December,in 2014 and 2015) in a typical arid river in northern China the Xingtai segment of the Fuyang River basin — the variation of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) was analyzed.The extent of water eutrophication of this segment was also assessed using a universal index formula for eutrophic evaluation and a logarithmic power function.The results showed that the average concentration of total N(TN) was 27.2 mg/L(NH_3-N,63.5%),total P(TP) was 2.0 mg/L(solution reactive phosphorus,68.8%).Temporal and spatial variations of N and P in this segment were observed.Concentrations of N and P in the arid season were higher than those in the rainy season.Spatially,the N and P concentrations followed the same trend;i.e.,higher in the city segment than in the suburbs,and decreasing along the river.The water eutrophication in the studied segment reached extremely high levels at all times(eutrophication index ≥76.3).Spatially,its trend was clearly linked with N and P.Water shortage,pollution accumulation and a weak self-purification function are the main reasons for the prominent eutrophication in this segment.     

再生水补水对河道底泥细菌群落组成与功能的影响

以北京市永定河麻峪湿地再生水补水河段河道底泥细菌群落为研究对象,联合限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术,16S rRNA基因克隆文库技术和实时荧光定量q PCR技术,分析再生水补水口上游、补水口及补水口下游这3个断面的细菌群落组成与功能特征差异,尝试解释再生水补水对河道底泥细菌群落组成和功能特征的影响.结果表明,再生水中高浓度的碳氮磷含量是导致补水口细菌群落多样性显著升高和群落组成最为丰富的直接原因,人工湿地对碳氮磷浓度有较高的去除效率,净化后底泥细菌群落逐步恢复,表现出上下游相似的细菌群落多样性和结构组成;补水口处细菌群落的优势类群是变形菌门中β-Proteobacteria和δ-Proteobacteria,亚优势类群是Planctomycetes和Actinobacteria,而ε-Proteobacteria、Chloroflexi、Spirochaetes是补水口处的独有类群;氮碳磷循环是再生水补水河道底泥主要的生物地化循环过程,克隆文库中补水口以毛单胞菌属(Comamonas sp.)为优势类群的45.9%的克隆子与氮循环相关,其相对丰度高于上下游(27.7%和23.4%),以溶杆菌属(Lysobacter sp.)为优势类群的17.9%的克隆子与碳循环密切相关,其相对丰度高于上下游(14.4%和12.9%);再生水中携带的痕量病原菌和抗生素等,在一定程度上改变了河道底泥细菌群落碳氮循环的转换方式,表现为补水口处固氮作用主要是红环菌属(Rhodocyclus sp.)通过光合作用实现,上下游以对植物具有促生作用的伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia sp.)为代表进行共生固氮.该研究结果为再生水补水河道人工湿地修复研究提供理论依据.     

洪泽湖主要水生植物群落水环境效益研究

洪泽湖湿地为我国典型的湖泊湿地,有着丰富的水生植物资源,这些水生植物群落在生长过程中与洪泽湖水体相互作用相互影响。由于自身生长习性的不同,对水体产生了不同的水环境效益。此次选取了洪泽湖主要水生植物群落,并对这些群落的总氮、总磷、化学需氧量等指标进行检验。采用因子分析统计手段和综合营养状态指数法对各群落水体的水质状况加以分析,从而发现了不同水生植物群落不同的水环境效益,其中菹草群落与芦苇群落的水环境效益较好,而水葱群落与水花生群落的水环境效益较差。     

三峡库区流域藻类生长与营养盐吸收关系

根据三峡库区流域的实测数据和描述富营养污染流域中水华暴发强非线性耦合动力学模型中的控制函数,研究了缓流态水体环境中藻类生长的内在机制,并以长江三峡流域优势藻类,即绿藻的生长为例,较为系统地研究了藻类生长对N、P的吸收与水体中N、P浓度之间存在的强相互作用;藻类对营养物的吸收率ω_i与水体中营养物浓度c_x的比值(ω_i/c_x)不仅反映出三峡水域中藻类浓度对藻类吸收营养物程度的影响,而且在藻类生长与吸收各种营养成分之间还存在明显的关联性.     

元江县干热河谷的特殊植物保护区划

根据区域特征、区划目的和重点,对元江县干热河谷进行了特殊植物保护区划,诊断了各区主要环境问题,提出了各区的环境目标、发展方向和主要环境对策。     

德国水体区域和流域的环境管理

在德国水体区域和流域的管理一般采用“分流域立体化”的管理模式,这样有利于流域环境的持续、健康发展。所有的废水——生活废水、工业废水、行业废水等都必须经过污水处理厂处理后方能排入水域。本文介绍了德国的流域环境管理的情况。     

BP模型在河流水质预测中的误差分析

为验证BP模型在河流水质预测中的有效性,利用仿真技术模拟一条河流污染物的变化趋势,并得到大量的河流水质参数数据.用上游已知河段的水质数据预测该河流下游10个检测断面的水质状况.预测过程分2种情况进行:长距离预测(一次连续预测下游10个河段)和短距离预测(每次连续预测下游2个河段),并以MSE函数生成均方误差作为对2种预测方法性能的检验.结果显示,长距离预测的性能低于短距离预测,2种方法对溶解氧预测的均方误差为0.432和0.035,对生化需氧量预测的均方误差分别为0.243、0.055.     

城市感潮河流溶解氧收支及调控的模拟研究

城市感潮河段受径流、潮汐动力及流域排污等多重影响,易引发河道缺氧现象.通过建立潭江(开平段)二维水动力水质模型,并采用拉格朗日粒子示踪、情景分析等手段,研究水流输运、生化反应过程对溶解氧的影响,进而探索提升关键断面溶解氧浓度的调控策略.结果表明：(1)潭江干流上游水团输送比支流镇海水更快,且同等增量下,潭江干流流量变化对下游影响更大;但对潭江干流开平市区下游新美断面污染贡献中,镇海水对其总磷(TP)污染贡献较大,而新昌水对其总氮(TN)污染贡献较大;(2)新美断面、镇海水的娄冈断面及新昌水的公义断面均为耗氧断面;水体有机物耗氧是本区域溶解氧消耗的主要过程,占总消耗的64.4%,其次为底泥耗氧,占总消耗的32.5%;水体中氧气的主要来源为浮游植物的光合作用,占比约64.6%;(3)增加上游流量、下移城区排口位置或削减上游临近城区污染源均可提高下游溶解氧浓度;与镇海水相比,提高潭江干流流量的效果更为明显;下移城区排口位置虽有效果但可操作性较弱.     

三江平原河水中铁的形态研究

采集三江平原河流(主要河流和沼泽性河流)水体,利用切向超滤和玻璃纤维滤膜技术分离铁的形态,研究了三江平原河水中铁的含量、形态和潜在络合竞争能力,以揭示湿地开垦对铁形态和输出通量的影响.结果表明,含有丰富有机质的典型沼泽性河流中可溶铁和酸性不稳定铁平均含量高达1.16和0.81 mg.L-1,是主要河流铁的重要补给来源,主要输送络合态铁(占可溶铁70.9%)和离子态铁(占可溶铁9.3%).河流中可溶态铁均以低分子量铁为主要迁移形态,在主要河流中低分子量铁占可溶态铁的68.7%,含量为0.13 mg.L-1,在典型沼泽性河流中占可溶态铁的82.2%,含量为0.88 mg.L-1;典型性河流中Fe3+含量是主要河流的3.1倍,Fe2+含量相差不大.通过菲咯嗪的配位竞争实验发现,络合态和胶体态铁中也存在Fe(Ⅱ)的结合形态;在典型沼泽性河流中,络合态铁具有更高的潜在络合竞争能力,更容易形成稳定不易分解的络合态铁.因此,三江平原湿地开垦导致沼泽性河流铁输出的减少,稳定络合态铁输出的减少直接影响铁的迁移距离,对近海铁的输送产生巨大影响.