九龙江拟多甲藻水华预警和应急处置的初步研究

介绍了九龙江北溪及甲藻水华暴发的情况,根据国内外研究报道和九龙江北溪拟多甲藻水华暴发期间相关监测结果,拟定甲藻密度达到5×10^5个／L、叶绿素a含量〉15mg／m^3、pH〉7、D0〉8mg／L、高锰酸盐指数〉2．0mg／L为临界状态;甲藻密度达到1×10^6个／L、叶绿素a含量〉40mg／m^3、pH值接近8、D0〉9mg／L、高锰酸盐指数〉3．5mg／L为初步暴发状态;甲藻密度达到〉1×10^7个／L、叶绿素a含量〉85mg／m^3、pH〉8、D0〉10mg／L、高锰酸盐指数〉6．0mg／L为严重暴发状态。并结合当地的实际情况,对不同预警条件下应急响应和处置拟多甲藻水华的物理、化学和生物等具体措施进行初步研究。提出九龙江水系中封闭型水域可采取化学方法,支流水域可采用植物及化感技术和超声波方法,干流自来水厂采取围隔过滤和生态调水等方法应急处置拟多甲藻水华。     

河道护岸工程生命周期碳排放评价探讨

全球变暖已成为人类亟待解决的问题,而解决该问题的关键在于减少全球CO2、CH4和N2O等温室气体的排放。基于生命周期评价方法,将河道护岸工程生命周期全过程划分为材料生产、材料运输、施工建设、维护管理、拆毁处置(或回收)5个单元,进行了河道护岸工程生命周期碳排放来源分析,提出了适合于河道护岸工程的生命周期碳排放评价方法框架。利用此框架,文章对崇明岛典型河道护岸类型——钢筋砼桩板护岸进行了生命周期碳排放计算,得到1功能单位钢筋砼桩板护岸工程的生命周期碳排放为447.05 t。其中,原材料生产单元、材料运输单元和施工单元的碳排放分别为330.33,13.62,103.1 t。目前,崇明岛已有此种护岸工程长度约为2 983 km,得到其总碳排放为133.4万t,占上海2005年碳排放总量的2.30%。     

流域结构分析在水电梯级开发规划环评中的应用

以长江右岸一级支流磨刀溪流域为研究对象,利用卫星影像和地形图为基础数据,在GIS技术支持下,进行流域结构分级,并通过对各级溪流的河流属性、空间结构、生态特征等的分析,就流域结构分析在磨刀溪水电梯级开发规划环评中的应用进行了研究。     

水生植物对漓江流域水环境的影响

漓江水生植物能从水环境中吸收营养组分氮、磷,防止水环境富营养化;与水生藻类竞争,抑制其生长发育;还能与部分重金属络合,降低其环境毒性。对漓江的水环境有重要作用。     

两种不同填料的BAF工艺处理微污染河水的效果研究

随着经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,城市河道水体污染加剧,为环境带来压力,因此研究微污染水体的治理及恢复有着重要的意义。本实验以校园内河水为水源,选取2种合适的填料作为BAF工艺滤柱的填料来研究在自然条件下COD浓度为50～100mg／L,NH＋4-N浓度为6～10mg,／L微污染的校园河水的去除效果。结果表明,利用沸石作为填料去除COD、总氮和NH＋4-N的效果较陶粒相对更好;此外,本研究作为去除微污染研究的一部分,挂膜的顺利进行与另外一些外界因素有关系,如温度等。     

Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and eutrophication assessment for a typical arid river—Fuyang River in northern China

Based on water quality surveys over 2 years(July to December,in 2014 and 2015) in a typical arid river in northern China the Xingtai segment of the Fuyang River basin — the variation of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) was analyzed.The extent of water eutrophication of this segment was also assessed using a universal index formula for eutrophic evaluation and a logarithmic power function.The results showed that the average concentration of total N(TN) was 27.2 mg/L(NH_3-N,63.5%),total P(TP) was 2.0 mg/L(solution reactive phosphorus,68.8%).Temporal and spatial variations of N and P in this segment were observed.Concentrations of N and P in the arid season were higher than those in the rainy season.Spatially,the N and P concentrations followed the same trend;i.e.,higher in the city segment than in the suburbs,and decreasing along the river.The water eutrophication in the studied segment reached extremely high levels at all times(eutrophication index ≥76.3).Spatially,its trend was clearly linked with N and P.Water shortage,pollution accumulation and a weak self-purification function are the main reasons for the prominent eutrophication in this segment.     

金属材料在天然河水中的腐蚀电位研究

目的弄清金属材料在天然河水中的腐蚀电位变化规律,获得它们的腐蚀电位序。方法利用自行研制的多通道电位自动采集装置,测试金属材料在武汉长江水中的腐蚀电位。结果获得了24种金属材料在天然河水中的腐蚀电位-时间曲线及腐蚀电位序图谱。结论金属材料在天然河水中初期腐蚀电位变化较快,同种类金属腐蚀电位变化规律基本相同,不同种类的金属材料腐蚀电位变化规律不同;金属材料在天然河水中的稳定腐蚀电位从低到高大致为镁阳极、纯锌、铝合金、铸铁、碳钢、低合金钢、铜合金和不锈钢。     

韦伯-费希纳定律在区域生态环境质量评价中的应用

文章利用韦伯-费希纳定律建立区域生态环境评价的新模型,并通过实例研究了区域生态环境质量状况,即巢湖流域总体以及分区巢湖市、六安市的生态环境质量为Ⅵ级、分区合肥市为Ⅲ级。与未确知测度评价方法进行比较,取得了满意的结果,实例应用表明:该评价模型结构严谨,评价结果合理,为区域生态环境质量评价提供了一种简单而适用的评价方法。     

Calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement of an urban river system and its deployment: A case study in Beijing central region

The minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system and water deployment are key elements in integrated water resources planning and urban ecological construction. Based on a review of ecological water requirement calculation methods and considering the different ecological functions of an urban river system, the ecological function method was used in this paper to calculate the components of the ecological water requirements of an urban river. An envelope curve-based method was proposed for assessing the minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system. Water resources deployment strategies designed to meet the minimum ecological water requirements were described. Then, the minimum ecological water requirements of the urban river system in Beijing central region, selected as a case study, were investigated. The key parameters for assessing the minimum ecological water requirement in the Beijing urban river system were determined. Based on the ecological objectives and the current status of the different urban river systems within the Beijing central region, the minimum ecological water requirements were calculated. Different types of water sources, including rainwater, upstream water, and reclaimed water, were deployed to meet the ecological water requirements for the urban river system in the Beijing central region.     

生境异质性对金沙江干热河谷锥连栎天然更新幼苗早期生长的影响

锥连栎林是金沙江干热河谷仅有的几种重要天然植被之一,由于恶劣的气候环境以及长期严重的人为干扰作用,林地生境破碎化程度较高,幼苗天然更新极为困难.分析了锥连栎林更新幼苗主要生长的落叶堆积洼地、落叶堆积平地、菁沟冲积台地和缓坡草丛等4种微生境特点,并比较研究了不同微生境下天然更新幼苗生长的形态特征、生物量分配以及幼苗生存状...