Satellite and Ground Based Monitoring of Aerosol Plumes

Plumes of atmospheric aerosol have been studied using a rangeof satellite and ground-based techniques. The Sea-viewing WideField-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) has been used to observe plumesof sulphate aerosol and Saharan dust around the coast of theUnited Kingdom. Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) was retrievedfrom SeaWiFS for two events; a plume of Saharan dusttransported over the United Kingdom from Western Africa and aperiod of elevated sulphate experienced over the Easternregion of the UK. Patterns of AOT are discussed and related tothe synoptic and mesoscale weather conditions. Furtherobservation of the sulphate aerosol event was undertaken usingthe Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer instrument(AVHRR). Atmospheric back trajectories and weather conditionswere studied in order to identify the meteorologicalconditions which led to this event. Co-located ground-basedmeasurements of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were obtained for 4sites within the UK and PM_2.5/10 ratios were calculatedin order to identify any unusually high or low ratios(indicating the dominant size fraction within the plume)during either of these events. Calculated percentiles ofPM_2.5/10 ratios during the 2 events examined show thatthese events were notable within the record, but were in noway unique or unusual in the context of a 3 yr monitoringrecord. Visibility measurements for both episodes have beenexamined and show that visibility degradation occurred duringboth the sulphate aerosol and Saharan dust episodes.     

The Characterisation of Settled Dust by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis

Settled dust has been collected inside the main foyers ofthree University buildings in Wolverhampton City Centre,U.K. Two of the three buildings are located in a streetcanyon used almost exclusively by heavy duty dieselvehicles. The dust was collected on adhesive carbonspectro-tabs to be in a form suitable for analysis byscanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-rayanalysis. Using these analytical techniques, individualparticle analysis was undertaken for morphology andchemistry. Seasonal variations and variations due tolocation were observed in both the morphologicalmeasurements and chemical analysis. Many of the differencesappear attributable to the influence of road traffic, inparticular, the heavy duty diesel vehicles, travellingalong the street canyon.     

韶钢新石灰窑烟气除尘技术的应用

韶钢新石灰窑烟气除尘系统要用旋风除尘器、金属管式换热器、高效陶瓷多管除尘器的组合方式。介绍了该系统的设计参数、工艺流程、主要设备及其功能。     

静电除尘在烧结机头烟尘治理中的应用

通过对安钢烧结机一、二期工程中烧结机头电除尘器结构性能和运行效果对比，结合安钢实际运行情况，分析了一期工程中电除尘器的运行存在的问题，重点对电除尘器的结构特点进行阐述，以提供一种适用于烧结机头烟尘治理的电除尘技术。     

清洁安全的井下作业环境

根据煤矿井下粉尘的特性及其危害和对井下空气污染的状况，提出针对井下各产尘源的治理措施和治理方法，通过对粉尘污染的治理，改善煤矿工人的作业环境，实现清洁生产，降低矿工职业病发病率和事故率，提高煤矿生产效益和经济效益。     

粉料无尘装车机工作原理及其在冶金厂矿的应用

介绍集装车与防尘统一于一体的无尘装车技术及具有设备本质安全化特点的无尘装车机在解决粉状物料装车作业时的扬尘问题,保护作业工人健康,维护厂区环境方面的重要优越性。     

流动危险源毒气泄漏事故伤害模型研究

笔者介绍了危险货物道路运输的现状和特点，阐述了进行流动危险源事故后果分析的必要性，提出了流动危险源运动时毒气泄漏事故伤害模型，并利用该模型进行了数值模拟，证明该模型分析流动危险源运动时毒气泄漏事故的后果是可行的。     

管式电除尘器"伞形罩"结构特性研究

在高温、高湿窑炉烟气条件下,采用立式管式电除尘器“伞形罩”结构,能够解决其清灰不力、二次扬尘、除尘效率不稳定等问题。本研究了“伞形罩”结构的除尘机理及效率及清灰力度影响因素、抑制二次扬尘机制。研究结果表明,“伞形罩”结构除尘效率因集尘表面积的增加而提高;应用支铁框架式振打方式,振打强度明显加强;其分流机制能有效地抑制二次扬尘：从而为“伞形罩”结构的优化设计提供了依据。     

Characterization of Dust Storms to Hong Kong in April 1998

In April 1998, two intense dust storms were generated in CentralAsia and transported eastward across East Asia (15 and 19 April). This article presents the chemical characterization ofHong Kong (HK) aerosols during the dust storms. During the 15 Aprildust storm, hourly respiratory suspended particles (RSP)(particle diameter smaller than 10 m) concentrationsmonitored at 7 sites in Hong Kong reached the peak valuessynchronously between 9 and 11 a.m. on 17 April, in which thehighest concentration was 267 g m^-3. Analysis ofthe RSP samples showed that concentrations of crustalelements (Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mg, K⁺) and anthropogenicspecies (As, Ni, Pb, Zn, NH₄ ⁺, NO₃ ^-,SO₄ ^2- and total carbon) were substantiallyenhanced. Enhancement of these species was more than afactor of 2 to 14 relative to the non dust period. The totalcarbon content was high, at 59 g m^-3 (notincluding carbonate), and the enrichment factors of Asand Pb on 17 April were 122 and 117, respectively. Thisimplied that anthropogenic materials together with mineraldust were transported to HK from Mainland China. Based onmaterial balance calculations, mineral dust contributed41% to the observed RSP mass on 17 April, which was 2 times thatof the nondust sample (22%). From the 5-day backwardtrajectory analysis, this storm was transported directlyfrom Northwest China to HK. However, there was nocorresponding observation for the 19 April dust stormaerosol. Consequently, 15 April storm had stronger impact onHK's atmosphere than 19 April storm. Compared to the HK AirQuality Objective, 15 April dust storm did not cause seriousair pollution in HK.     

全密闭电石炉尾气治理及综合利用

由于全密闭电石炉的尾气性质特殊，治理和综合利用存在一定的难度。本文总结了国内电石生产厂家的多种治理和利用方法，并根据国家产业政策的要求，提出了适合我国国情的电石炉烟气治理及综合利用方法。