分层异重流对香溪河浮游植物叶绿素a空间分布的影响

基于三峡水库香溪河库湾汛期（2017年8月4—10日）水动力、气象和藻类漂移监测数据,运用数理统计方法,分析汛期香溪河浮游植物叶绿素a（Chla）浓度空间分布特征及其影响因素,探究分层异重流背景下藻类的水平输移和垂向掺混作用过程。结果表明：1)汛期香溪河库湾水动力具有明显的分层异重流特性,监测期间雷诺数均大于4 000,水体呈现紊流状态,对藻类的运动输移产生水平输运和垂向掺混2种影响。2)表层藻类水平漂移速度受到风速和水流流速的影响,响应关系式为V_藻=0.035V_风+0.461V_水+0.034 (R²=0.917,P<0.01)。3)分层异重流对高浓度藻细胞库湾原水的稀释作用和环流对高浓度藻细胞的携带作用,导致水柱Chla总浓度呈直线下降趋势,此时干流水体从中上层倒灌进库湾,上游来水以底部顺坡异重流方式流向河口,在中上游相遇形成环流,在库湾中部倒灌水体一分为二,分别从底部和表层输出库湾,Chla浓度分布特征为表层>底层>中层;当倒灌水体与库湾原水形成环流并从底部输出库湾时,Chla浓度分布特征为表层>中层>底层或者中层>底层>表层。因此,Chla浓度的水平分布主要受到风速和异重流的水平流速的影响,而垂向分布受到异重流所形成的水体循环模式的影响。     

反硝化细菌、硝酸钙和锆改性沸石联用对底泥中氮磷迁移转化的影响及硝态氮释放风险评估

本文考察了基于反硝化细菌、硝酸钙和锆改性沸石的组合技术(CN +DB+ZZ)对底泥中氮磷迁移转化的影响,并探讨了该技术的硝态氮释放风险.结果 发现,单一的硝酸钙处理(CN)虽然可以有效地抑制底泥中磷的释放,但是会造成上覆水体的氨氮和硝态氮污染.硝酸钙和反硝化细菌联合处理(CN+DB)尽管可以有效地抑制底泥中磷的释放,并...     

A Cumulative Energy Demand indicator (CED), life cycle based,for industrial waste management decision making

Life cycle thinking is a good approach to be used for environmental decision-support, although the complexity of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies sometimes prevents their wide use. The purpose of this paper is to show how LCA methodology can be simplified to be more useful for certain applications.In order to improve waste management in Catalonia (Spain), a Cumulative Energy Demand indicator (LCA-based) has been used to obtain four mathematical models to help the government in the decision of preventing or allowing a specific waste from going out of the borders. The conceptual equations and all the subsequent developments and assumptions made to obtain the simplified models are presented.One of the four models is discussed in detail, presenting the final simplified equation to be subsequently used by the government in decision making.The resulting model has been found to be scientifically robust, simple to implement and, above all, fulfilling its purpose: the limitation of waste transport out of Catalonia unless the waste recovery operations are significantly better and justify this transport.     

Erosional Consequence of Saltcedar Control

Removal of nonnative riparian trees is accelerating to conserve water and improve habitat for native species. Widespread control of dominant species, however, can lead to unintended erosion. Helicopter herbicide application in 2003 along a 12-km reach of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico, eliminated the target invasive species saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), which dominated the floodplain, as well as the native species sandbar willow (Salix exigua Nuttall), which occurred as a fringe along the channel. Herbicide application initiated a natural experiment testing the importance of riparian vegetation for bank stability along this data-rich river. A flood three years later eroded about 680,000 m³ of sediment, increasing mean channel width of the sprayed reach by 84%. Erosion upstream and downstream from the sprayed reach during this flood was inconsequential. Sand eroded from channel banks was transported an average of 5 km downstream and deposited on the floodplain and channel bed. Although vegetation was killed across the floodplain in the sprayed reach, erosion was almost entirely confined to the channel banks. The absence of dense, flexible woody stems on the banks reduced drag on the flow, leading to high shear stress at the toe of the banks, fluvial erosion, bank undercutting, and mass failure. The potential for increased erosion must be included in consideration of phreatophyte control projects.     

Selection and integration of environmental impacts in the Danish transport infrastructure assessment process

Transport projects have numerous consequences for the environment, society and economy, and thus an EU Directive has stated a number of impacts that need to be assessed prior to any major intervention. This paper is set in a Danish context where the EU requirements have been adopted in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulation along with national requirements. In recent years, however, the EIAs have been criticised for an inconsistent inclusion of impacts and unclear assessment process. A selection of EIAs is for this reason reviewed and compared to the EU Directive and corresponding works in Sweden and the UK to identify potential opportunities for improvements. From the literature study, an overview table with all potential relevant impacts for transport projects is set up to assist the EIA process. For the sake of simplicity and transparency, the impacts selected from this table should, however, be further reduced in number to ensure that only the most important impacts are included in the process. To further increase simplicity and transparency in the EIA process, a novel framework for assessing different types of impacts is proposed. In this framework, a comprehensive decision support tool involving stakeholders is in focus. The framework is supplemented with a procedure for generating objectives and presenting results in an appropriate way to the many stakeholders involved. The impacts overview table and the assessment techniques are applied to a case study to illustrate the process, and finally, conclusions and perspectives for future work within the field are set out.     

山区道路灾害及环境影响分析

分析了山区道路灾害的形成及山区道路灾害的系统构成,提出了山区道路灾害的防治原理,从可持续发展角度分析了山区道路建设应注意的问题.     

对流云云中酸化的数值模拟——Ⅰ.模式建立和初步结果

发展了一维半、时变、微物理过程参数化处理的对流云云雨酸化的物理-化学模式,较为全面地考虑了污染气体向液水的质量传输过程以及液相化学反应动力学过程.通过初步模拟发现,垂直上升气流会很快把低层高浓度SO_τ气体输送到云的上层,从而使酸化过程得到加强;云滴与雨滴微物理结构的不同,对污染气体的吸收影响很大,小的云滴比雨滴更易酸化,云、雨水对污染气体的吸收和云、雨水的比含水量有关.因对流云云内外交换强烈,液水吸收掉的污染气体量相对于环境场而言是很小的.     

长永高速公路建建工程的美化与绿化设计

公路的绿化、美化设计是公路景观设计的重要组成部分。长永高速公路在改建过程中，充分利用沿线的水文、地形、气候、地理等特点，从环境学、园林植物学、园林美学及建筑学的角度，阐述了沿线绿化、美化的设计思想及设计方案。该方案的实施，将实现长永高速公路沿线绿化、美化与环境的和谐统一。     

道路交通事故基本因素浅析

目前道路交通事故趋势上升，不仅造成了国民经济的巨大损失，而且已成为社会不安定的因素之一，减少道路交通事故是安全工程中一项非常重要而又艰巨的工作，本文在对人、车、路相互关系进行系统分析的基础上，从人机工程学的角度出发，剖析了道路交通事故的基本因素，并根据有关理论和实践，提出了预防道路交通事故的对策和建议。     

高速公路路域景观恢复工程设计初探

结合长沙市国道绕城高速公路路域内的景观恢复与绿化美化工程设计，讨论了高速公路景观设计的分类、绿化美化工程设计的内容与要求、长沙市国道绕城高速公路景观恢复工程设计的思路。