基于改进SIFT算法的交通事故图像匹配

为解决无人机航拍交通事故现场图像特征点数量较少、匹配成功率较低、耗时过长的问题,提出1种改进的SIFT算法,使用Gabor滤波对图像进行特征提取,基于改进的高斯金字塔和多方向多尺度Gabor频谱特点提取出具有尺度、旋转不变性的特征点,结合LLE算法对特征描述符进行降维处理,通过DBSCAN算法对特征点进行密度聚类,计算...     

城市典型高架复合道路交通噪声污染模拟及防治对策

与一般城市道路相比,城市高架复合道路通行能力大、行车速度高、车辆行驶状态复杂,交通噪声污染极为突出。选取深圳市典型的高架复合道路——春风高架和爱国高架进行实地监测,同时运用SoundPLAN软件模拟其噪声污染现状与安装声屏障后的降噪效果。根据监测模拟结果,从合理进行道路规划、装设声屏障和铺设低噪声路面等方面提出高架复合道路噪声污染控制的对策建议。     

微波检测器在交通噪声车流量监测中的应用

阐述了微波车辆检测器的基本工作原理及主要特点,选取城市主干道和一级公路对交通噪声监测中所需要的车流量数据进行仪器与人工的比对监测,结果显示,昼夜总车流量误差率在5%左右,表明该仪器适用于道路交通的车流量连续监测。     

浅析道路交通噪声影响下的人居声环境评价体系建设

道路交通噪声是目前城市中影响范围最广、强度最大的环境噪声,降低其噪声影响,改善城市声环境质量应列为各地政府改善民生的重要工作.根据当前国际形势提出属于人居环境中重要分支的“人居声环境保护”概念,并就该体系建设的几项重要工作进行探讨,为今后城市道路交通噪声影响的评价工作提供借鉴.     

Comparison of Numerical Street Dispersion Models with Results from Wind Tunnel and Field Measurements

Numerical dispersion models developed and validated in different European countries were applied to data sets from wind tunnel and field measurements. The comparison includes the Danish Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) and the microscale flow and dispersion model MISKAM. The latter is recommended for application in built-up areas in the draft of the new German guideline VDI 3782/8. In a first step the models were applied to simplified street configurations. Different parameters as length and height of adjacent buildings and the angle of the incoming flow were varied. The results were compared to recent wind tunnel measurements. In a second step the models were applied to two extensively investigated field data sets from Jagtvej, Copenhagen and G ttinger Straße, Hannover. Intensified and more transparent and accessible validation procedures would be helpful for the thorough user.     

Effects of Traffic Management and Transport Mode on the Exposure of Schoolchildren to Carbon Monoxide

The exposure to CO of schoolchildren was assessed in the town of Northampton, UK, both by direct measurement and by GIS-based activity modelling. Personal measurement of CO showed that exposures when travelling by car were significantly greater than those when walking, although journey times by car were shorter. However, journey exposures had little effect on maximum 8h mean CO exposures. CO concentration fields in the study area were modelled from current traffic flows, and those expected under different traffic management scenarios. These fields were then used, in combination with children's home and school location, and their activity profiles, to simulate frequency distributions of exposure for different transport modes and traffic management scenarios. The results show a large variability in the effect of traffic management interventions, depending on the child's home and school location.     

The Impact of Road Traffic in Madrid Community by Using a Nested Gaussian-Mesoscale Air Quality Model (GAMA)

In this contribution we show the integration of a mesoscale air quality model OPANA with the ISCST3 Gaussian model (EPA) in order to analyze the impact of different emission sources and particularly the traffic emission into the different gridboxes which define the OPANA Eulerian structure. The application is done over the Madrid (Spain) regional area with 80 × 100 km and gridboxes of about 5 km. Thousands of Gaussian runs over interested gridboxes are executed in order to simulate the traffic emissions from each gridbox. Each mobile unit is represented by a Gaussian point emitter. Input meteorological variables for the ISCST3 are taken from the OPANA mesoscale air quality model. Results shows that it is possible to model the impact of traffic emissions over each gridbox. A short comparison with air quality monitoring in each gridbox is also shown.     

原有路基稳定性对高速公路加宽工程的影响分析

通过数值模拟,结合高速公路加宽工程实例,分析了在原有路基未固结稳定情况下新老路基的固结沉降变形特性,并对可能的处理方法进行了分析探讨。结果表明,新老路基的沉降随着老路固结度的减小而逐渐增大,但差异沉降却逐渐减小;当老路固结度较小时,在固结后期差异沉降可能逐渐减小;轻质路堤法和复合地基法分别处理新路地基时,各有优缺点,轻质路堤法对老路附加沉降影响较大,但能较好地控制不均匀沉降,复合地基法对老路附加沉降影响很小,但在老路固结度较低时,差异沉降较大。     

北京交通安全现状及其对策

北京是2008年奥运会的举办城市,交通安全状况将完全影响北京的城市声誉和奥运会的顺利举行.笔者基于北京城市交通安全现状的基础资料,分析了其交通安全面临的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策措施.     

北京城市道路积尘多环芳烃的粒度分布特征及其影响因素

对北京城市不同道路类型的道路积尘进行了为期16个月的采样,分别分析了道路尘的粒径、多环芳烃及TOC.道路积尘的粒径呈三峰态分布,<75 μm部分的颗粒所占体积最大,>214 μm部分颗粒所占体积最小.>214 μm这部分颗粒中的多环芳烃质量分数最低,<75μm和75～214μm这两部分颗粒中多环芳烃的质量分数没有显著差异,但由于<75μm部分颗粒所占的体积和质量比例最大,这部分颗粒的多环芳烃累积量所占比例最高.不同道路的积尘粒径存在差异,海淀路和成府路机动车道的积尘颗粒相比自行车道和人行道的颗粒更粗.由于粒径分布的差异和多环芳烃质量分数的差异,不同类型道路的多环芳烃累积量的粒径分布呈现差异.多环芳烃质量分数和累积量的粒度分布也呈现季节差异,冬春季<75 μm颗粒中的多环芳烃质量分数最高,多环芳烃的累积量所占比例也较夏秋季高.在三个粒级中,TOC与多环芳烃质量分数均呈现显著的正相关.高比例的细颗粒及细颗粒中的多环芳烃使得道路积尘再悬浮进入大气以及随湿沉降进入地表径流的环境风险加大.