Laboratory-scale study of the suppression of PCDD/F emission during coal and MSW co-incineration

The experimental test of co-incinerating Chinese raw municipal solid waste （MSW） and coal in a laboratory-scale tubular reactor was first reported in present study, and the emission of normal gas components and the effects of the S/Cl molar ratio or coal mixing percentages on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDDs/Fs） emission were investigated and discussed. The results indicated that OCDD was the only PCDD homologues since others like TCDD-HpCDD was hardly detected, while as the categories of PCDF homologues were comparatively much more general. The amount of PCDD was much larger than that of PCDF in all operating conditions. Since ZPCDF/∑PCDD〈〈1, the dominant role of the precursor formation was proven in our experimental conductions. With increasing the coal addition to MSW （from 0 to 16%）, PCDD and PCDF were reduced considerably. Coal and MSW may suppress the PCDD/F emissions efficiently （over 95%） during the MSW incineration process. The PCDD/F suppression results of the present study could be helpful guidance to the industrial application of Chinese MSW and auxiliary coal co-incineration processes. The PCDD/F stack emission data of two industrial incinerators using co-incineration technology in China seem to have a great positive reduction of PCDDs/Fs.     

Electrochemical inactivation of cyanobacteria and microcystin degradation using a boron-doped diamond anode——A potential tool for cyanobacterial bloom control

Cyanobacterial blooms are global phenomena that can occur in calm and nutrient-rich(eutrophic) fresh and marine waters. Human exposure to cyanobacteria and their biologically active products is possible during water sports and various water activities, or by ingestion of contaminated water. Although the vast majority of harmful cyanobacterial products are confined to the interior of the cells, these are eventually released into the surrounding water following natural or artificially induced cell death. Electrochemical oxidation has been used here to damage cyanobacteria to halt their proliferation, and for microcystin degradation under in-vitro conditions. Partially spent Jaworski growth medium with no addition of supporting electrolytes was used. Electrochemical treatment resulted in the cyanobacterial loss of cell-buoyancy regulation, cell proliferation arrest, and eventual cell death. Microcystin degradation was studied separately in two basic modes of treatment: batch-wise flow, and constant flow, for electrolytic-cell exposure. Batch-wise exposure simulates treatment under environmental conditions, while constant flow is more appropriate for the study of boron-doped diamond electrode efficacy under laboratory conditions. The effectiveness of microcystin degradation was established using high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector analysis, while the biological activities of the products were estimated using a colorimetric protein phosphatase-1 inhibition assay. The results indicate potential for the application of electro-oxidation methods for the control of bloom events by taking advantage of specific intrinsic ecological characteristics of bloom-forming cyanobacteria. The applicability of the use of boron-doped diamond electrodes in remediation of water exposed to cyanobacteria bloom events is discussed.     

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with a novel TiO2/Ti-Fe-graphite felt photoelectrocatalytic oxidation process

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)was studied in a novel three-electrode photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)integrative oxidation process,and the factors influencing the degradation rate,such as applied current,flow speed of O_2,pH,adscititious voltage and initial 2,4-DCP concentration were investigated and optimized.H_2O_2 was produced nearby cathode and Fe~(2 )continuously generated from Fe anode in solution when current and O_2 were applied,so,main reactions,H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC oxidation and E-Fenton reaction,occurred during degradation of 2,4-DCP in this integrative system.The degradation ratio of 2,4-DCP was 93% in this integrative oxidation process,while it was only 31% in E-Fenton process and 46% in H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC process.So,it revealed that the degradation of 2,4-DCP was improved greatly by photoelectrical cooperation effect.By the investigation of pH,it showed that this integrative process could work well in a wide pH range from pH 3 to pH 9.     

“热洗+助溶剂萃取”技术处理含油污泥的应用

为解决大量堆存的含油污泥可能造成的环境隐患问题,新疆油田公司针对含油污泥无害化、资源化技术进行探索研究。采用"热洗+助溶剂萃取"工艺技术处理,使含油污泥中矿物油含量从处理前的8%～30%降低至处理后的0.3%以下,满足GB 4284—84《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》的要求,有效回收了石油资源,减少环境污染,装置运行能耗成本为62.55元/t,具有运行费用低、操作简便的特点,为油田规模化、产业化处理含油污泥提供借鉴。     

海洋环境Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti牺牲阳极腐蚀防护研究

以Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti牺牲阳极为研究对象,在海洋环境下做车辆的牺牲阳极腐蚀防护试验。采用电位自动记录仪采集浸入海水期间车体的动态电位,绘制时间-电位（t-E）曲线图,并分析数据;采用扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）等方法对牺牲阳极试样表面腐蚀形貌及成分进行了分析。结果发现,Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti牺牲阳极增加了车体电位的稳定性,使车体电位部分极化到-800 mV;车体电位达到平衡的时间为7 min,加速了车体电位达到平衡的时间;Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti牺牲阳极腐蚀产物在表面形成致密氧化层,并在干湿交替的作用下形成龟裂的裂纹,阻止了牺牲阳极的进一步反应。     

活性碳纤维修饰PbO2电极的制备及其对阿莫西林的降解解毒研究

采用电沉积法将活性碳纤维（ACF）修饰于PbO₂阳极表面，通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、电化学工作站等对其进行表征分析与优选.并以优选电极对典型抗生素阿莫西林（AMX）进行电催化降解，同时探究AMX在电催化过程中的降解效果与毒性演变规律.结果表明，ACF以"镶嵌"的方式被修饰于电极表层，且修饰后的电极析氧过电位、电荷传输速率、产·OH速率、稳定性等均有所提高.电催化降解结果显示，经120 min电催化处理，AMX去除率和矿化率分别达到70.69%、58.61%.基因毒理学测试结果表明，AMX毒性水平随电催化降解时间延长呈逐渐下降趋势，转录效应指数TELI_total数值由最初的1.96降至1.72.同时AMX经电催化处理后氧化应激、膜应激与一般应激表达均由强烈转为温和.     

Design-based ranked set sampling using auxiliary variables

A ranked set sampling protocol is proposed when an auxiliary variable is available in addition to the target variable in sample surveys. The protocol may be practically carried out without additional sampling effort or costs. Under the suggested sampling scheme, the estimators usually adopted in surveys with auxiliary information - such as the ratio estimator or the regression estimator - display surprising theoretical properties as well as high performance in practice.     

石墨极板电氧化法处理靛蓝染料废水初步研究

采用惰性材料石墨为阳极的电氧化法处理靛蓝染料废水。研究了进水浓度、不同电解质的作用对处理效果的影响，获得了COD去除率大于90％、色度去除率大于95％的处理效果。     

铝合金牺牲阳极材料的研究进展

论述了铝合金牺牲阳极材料的发展历程,阐述了适用于不用环境的铝合金牺牲阳极研发情况,综述了铝合金牺牲阳极的几种活化溶解理论,对影响阳极电化学性能的因素进行了探讨,分析了铝合金牺牲阳极材料技术目前存在的问题,并展望了铝合金牺牲阳极未来的发展方向。常规海水环境的牺牲阳极材料已发展得较为成熟,特殊工况环境的牺牲阳极尚有待进一步开发和完善。     

外加电流阴极保护中深井阳极的布置

针对某输油管道工程,为保障阴极保护效果的同时,减少阴极保护对周边金属构筑物产生直流杂散电流的干扰。结合现有相关标准规范以及阴极保护干扰的产生机理,对深井阳极的布置位置和阴极保护方案进行对比分析。由于该工程输油管道将分输库整体包围,如库外长输管道全部采取外加电流的阴极保护形式,无论阳极井如何布置,阴极保护电流均有可能对分输库内储罐等金属构筑物产生杂散电流干扰,此时阳极井的位置需从施工、维护、保护电流的发散以及投资等方面比选确定。为了实现外输管道得到有效保护,且最大程度减小阴极保护电流对分输库内储罐等金属构筑物的干扰,可采取对由分支点进出库区的成品油管道与干线绝缘,并对该部分管道施加牺牲阳极保护的形式。