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301.
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303.
利用烧结炼铁工艺环保处理铬渣 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
论述了铬渣的产生、组成、特性,利用冶金生产中的烧结炼铁生产工艺对其进行解毒的机理、配加处理铬渣的工艺流程、配加比例和对烧结矿生产工艺参数的影响情况,利用该法对其解毒处理的优势,及解毒处理中防止二次污染和个人防护措施. 相似文献
304.
Gonzalez-Fernandez O Hidalgo M Margui E Carvalho ML Queralt I 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(2):476-482
Every year between 8 and 9 millions of vehicles in the European Union arrive to their end of life. Car wastes can have a very high metal content, falling into hazardous waste class. A preliminary evaluation of these wastes could be made by metals' leaching test runs which is the main objective of the present study. Evaluation of the total metal content was carried out by X-ray fluorescence and the mobility of these metals using two simple standardized extractions such as the TCLP (Toxicity Characterisation Leaching Procedure) of the US EPA and the German leaching test DIN 38414-S4. Additionally, an extraction test with acetone was performed in order to recognise metals bounded to organic matter. The results show that the total metal content of the ASR can overpass the established values for inert residues. Lead and zinc contents are fairly well correlated with grain-size, whilst other metals' contents do not exhibit clear grain-size dependence. 相似文献
305.
耐热乳杆菌的分离及在食物垃圾乳酸发酵中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
食物垃圾在我国城市生活垃圾中占有较大比重.发酵食物垃圾生产乳酸是实现其资源化的有效方法.从厌氧发酵的食物垃圾中分离到一株耐热乳酸菌TY50,根据形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列,确定该菌株属于乳杆菌属的干酪乳杆菌组群(Lactobacillus casei group),其最高生长温度为52℃.TY50发酵食物垃圾生产乳酸的最佳同液比为1:12,最适温度为45 ℃.在pH 5.5~6.0条件下,发酵食物垃圾产生36.29 g/L的乳酸,乳酸体积产牢和转化率(乳峻/垃圾干重)分别达到1.01 g/(L·h)和0.44. 相似文献
306.
城市垃圾预处理改善焚烧特性的探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对目前我国城市垃圾的高水分、低热值的特性,提出了2种改善城市垃圾焚烧特性的有效措施:生物质垃圾源分类和生物干燥.在我国建立生物质垃圾源分类体系,将生物质垃圾源头分类后,剩余垃圾的热值可以提高约50%~120%,已适合直接入炉焚烧,同时分离出来的生物质垃圾也更易于好氧堆肥或厌氧消化.另外一项技术措施是在焚烧前利用生物干燥技术,降低城市垃圾的水分含量,提高入炉垃圾的热值,这种方法主要是利用生物反应热来干燥城市生活垃圾,只需要在垃圾投入焚烧炉前增加一个预处理步骤,不必改变目前的垃圾收运体系,而且进行生物干燥后的垃圾更易于分选其中的可回收物质. 相似文献
307.
高压热水液化厨余垃圾的可行性研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
以高压热水为反应媒体处理厨余垃圾,得到液、气、固3种产物,并用GC-MS、GC-TCD和元素分析的方法对产物进行了表征。结果表明该技术处理厨余垃圾在实现减量化(达90.6%)和无害化的同时,可以达到资源化的目的。得出最优反应条件为:反应温度400℃,压力21.2 MPa,反应时间为40 min,优化的条件下固、液、气3种产物收率分别为21.5%、55.0%和5.2%。此外,对主要典型产物的形成机理进行了探讨。 相似文献
308.
309.
The main objective of this paper is to examine pollution threat, especially to the groundwater resources, around Tarapur industrial
area (also called the Tarapur MIDC area) located on the Arabian Sea Coast in Thane District of Maharashtra State, India and
suggest remedial measures that may also be relevant to other industrial areas on the Indian Sea Coast. One hundred and thirty
one samples were collected from various sources, such as dugwells, borewells, dug-cum-borewells, effluent sumps, drainage
channels (effluent channels), creeks and ocean, for chemical analyses. These analyses show that the area in general is characterized
by hard water and high salinity hazard, possibly due to its proximity and hydraulic connection with the sea. Although the
potability of groundwater is questionable in certain pockets, it is good enough for irrigation purposes at present. Low pH
value and high heavy metal contents in the adjoining Muramba creek water is a matter of great concern and may be attributed
to the indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents to the drainage channels connecting the creek. Muramba Creek is well
connected with the Arabian Sea, and there are evidences of seawater intrusion around this creek. Because of the fact that
Muramba Creek is highly polluted, and is hydraulically connected with the dugwells and borewells surrounding the creek, it
cannot be ruled out that the groundwater around this creek is susceptible to contamination. Unless measures are not taken
immediately to stop the indiscriminate disposal of the solid wastes and liquid effluents in open ground and drainage channels,
and measures are not taken to maintain the appropriate pH values at the effluent treatment facilities before their disposal,
the problem would indeed be formidable one day, and it will be too late then for the authorities to take care of the resulting
maladies. Few suggestions have been given for controlling and managing the industrial pollution around the Tarapur MIDC area.
These suggestions are relevant to other industrial areas situated on the 7,000 km long Indian Sea Coast. 相似文献
310.
Relation of waste generation and composition to socio-economic factors: a case study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Bandara NJ Hettiaratchi JP Wirasinghe SC Pilapiiya S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):31-39
To develop an effective waste management strategy for a given region, it is important to know the amount of waste generated
and the composition of the waste stream. Past research has shown that the amount of waste generated is proportional to the
population and the average mean living standards or the average income of the people. In addition, other factors may affect
the amount and composition of waste. These are climate, living habits, level of education, religious and cultural beliefs,
and social and public attitudes. This paper presents the findings of a study carried out in a suburban municipal area in Sri
Lanka to determine the solid waste generation rate and waste composition based on field surveys and to determine the related
socio-economic factors. A database was developed that included information on the quantity and composition of waste generated
in a sample of households in the study area over a time period. The collected data was analysed to relate waste generation
and composition data to various socio-economic factors. Over 400 sample households were selected for the study using a stratified
random sampling methodology based on municipal wards and property values. A technique that considers both the number of households
in a particular income group (property value range) and the standard deviation of property values within a given income group
was used to determine the appropriate sample size for each municipal ward. Through category and regression analyses, the quantities
of waste and waste composition were related to several socio-economic factors. The paper describes the basis for the sample
selection, the methodology adopted for data collection, the socio-economic parameters used for the analysis, and the relationships
developed from the analysis. 相似文献